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Terms, Concepts And Their Use In Sociology
(a) Informal Control
1. Informal control are ‘unofficial’ and tend to occur in small groups.
2. Crosbie (1975) has listed four basic types of informal control Social records, punishment, persuasion and redefine norms.
3. Informal mechanisms include established and accepted institutions and customs relating to socialization, education marriage rules, family life and inter personal relations.
4. Usually, the informal application of social sanctions is one of the main functions of the primary group.
5. Negative sanctions, used range from a gesture of disapproval to rejection by the group. Even a physical punishment not spared.
6. For most people, primary group sanctions are adequate deterrents to a deviant behaviour.
(b) Formal control
1. Formal social controls include all the legislation and enactments practised at various levels such as village, district, state and national level from time to time.
2. Formal social controls include all the legislation and enactments practised at various levels such as village, district, state and national level from time to time.
3. Police departments and other law-enforcement agencies court, mental hospital and prison, etc. are organisations of this type, enforcing rules that have beeen written into law.
4. Members of social control agencies make up a sizeable portion of the labour force and include police officer, judges,lawyers, prison employees, tax collectors, legislators, social workers and other officials in government regulating agencies.
5. The network of such formal positions has tended in modern firms to grow immediately and to over shadow and dominate the informal social control agencies and mechanisms.
6. In the process, it has become more impersonal over time and possibly also more just. For instance the school organisation and in their day-to-day functioning after exercise formal and impersonal social control in matters of admission.