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Relations And Functions

Question
CBSEENMA12035875
Wired Faculty App

Prove that the relation R in the set A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} given by R = {(a, b): |a - b| is even}, is an equivalence relation.

Solution

A = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }

R = { ( a, b ):  a - b is even }

For R to be an equivalence relation it must be 

 

(i) reflexive,    a - b = 0

                    ∴ ( a, a ) ∈ R  for  ∀ a ∈  A

So R is reflexive.

 

(ii) Symmetric,

if ( a, b )∈ R ⇒  a - b  is even                         ⇒  b - a  is also even

So R is symmetric.

 

(iii) Transitive

If ( a, b ) ∈ R    ( b, c ) ∈ R then ( a, c ) ∈ R( a, b ) ∈ R ⇒  a - b  is even( b, c ) ∈ R  ⇒  b - c  is even

Sum of  two even numbers is even

So,  a - b  +  b - c  

=  a - b + b - c =  a - c   is even since,   a - b  and   b - c  are evenSo ( a, c ) ∈ R

Hence, R is transitive.

Therefore, R is an equivalance relation.

Some More Questions From Relations and Functions Chapter

Let A be the set of all students of a boys school. Show that the relation R in A given by R = {(a, b) : a is sister of b} is the empty relation and R’ = {(a, b) : the difference between heights of a and b is less than 3 meters} is the universal relation.

Show that the relation R in the set {1, 2, 3} given by R = {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (1, 2), (2, 3)} is reflexive but neither symmetric nor transitive.

Show that the relation R in the set {1, 2, 3} given by R = {(1, 2), (2, 1)} is symmetric but neither reflexive nor transitive.

Give an example of a relation which is

(i) Symmetric but neither reflexive nor transitive.
(ii) Transitive but neither reflexive nor symmetric.
(iii) Reflexive and symmetric but not transitive.
(iv) Reflexive and transitive but not symmetric.
(v) Symmetric and transitive but not reflexive.

Let L be the set of all lines in a plane and R be the relation in L defined as R = {(L1, L2) : L1 is perpendicular to L2}. Show that R is symmetric but neither reflexive nor transitive.

 Determine whether each of the following relations are reflexive, symmetric and transitive :

(i) Relation R in the set A = {1, 2, 3,....., 13, 14} defined as

R = {(x, y) : 3 x – y = 0}

(ii) Relation R in the set N of natural numbers defined as R = {(x, y) : y = x + 5 and x < 4} (iii) Relation R in the set A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} as R = {(x,y) : y is divisible by x} (iv) Relation R in the set Z of all integers defined as R = {(x,y) : x – y is an integer}

(v) Relation R in the set A of human beings in a town at a particular time given by
(a)    R = {(x, y) : x and y work at the same place}
(b)    R = {(x,y) : x and y live in the same locality}
(c)    R = {(x, y) : x is exactly 7 cm taller than y}
(d)    R = {(x, y) : x is wife of y}
(e)    R = {(x,y) : x is father of y}

Check whether the relation R defined in the set {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} as R = {(a, b) : b = a + 1} is reflexive, symmetric or transitive.

Show that the relation R in R defined as R = {(a, b) : a ≤ b}, is reflexive and transitive but not symmetric.

Check whether the relation R in R defined by R = {(a,b) : a ≤ b3} is refleive, symmetric or transitive.

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