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Through The Eyes Of Travellers

Question
CBSEENHS12027131

Despite many changes, the society in Medieval India remained essentially feudal.” Discuss

Solution

(i) In the political and economic fields, the most important development was the political integration of the country brought about by the Turks and later consolidated by the Mughals.

(ii) Although the Turkish and Mughal system of administration remained largely confined to northern India, and directly it affected other parts of India also.

(iii) The institution of a well-minted currency based on silver, the development of roads and sarais and the preference for city life had a direct effect on the growth of trade and handicrafts which reached its climax during the seventeenth century.

(iv) The ruling class remained strongly aristocratic in character, with only limited opportunities of career being open to the people of talent from lower classes.

Some More Questions From Through The Eyes Of Travellers Chapter

Compare and contrast the perspectives from which Ibn-Battuta and Bernier wrote their accounts of their travels in India.

Discuss the picture of urban centres that emerges from Bernier’s account.

Analyse the evidence for slavery provided by Ibn-Battuta.

What were the elements of the practice of sati that drew the attention of Bernier?

Discuss Al-Biruni’s understanding of the caste system.

Do you think Ibn Battuta’s account is useful in arriving at an understanding of life in contemporary urban centres? Give reasons for your answer.

Discuss the extent to which Bernier’s account enables historians to reconstruct contemporary rural society.

Read this excerpt from Bernier:

“Numerous are the instances of handsome pieces of workmanship made by persons destitute of tools, and who can scarcerly be said to have received instruction from a master. Sometimes they imitate so perfectly articles of European manufacture that the difference between the original and copy can hardly be discerned. Among other things, the Indians make excellent muskets, and gold fowling-pieces, and such beautiful gold ornaments that it may be doubted if the exquisite workmanship of those articles can he exceeded by any European goldsmith. I have often admired the beauty, softness and delicacy of their paintings.”

List the crafts mentioned in the passage. Compare those with the descriptions of artisanal activity in the chapter.

On an outline map of the world mark the countries visited by Ibn Battuta. What are the seas that he may have crossed?

For any one of the travellers mentioned in the chapter, find out more about his life and writings. Prepare a report on his travels, noting in particular how he described society, and comparing these descriptions with the excerpts included in the chapter.