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Through The Eyes Of Travellers

Question
CBSEENHS12027057

Do you think Ibn Battuta’s account is useful in arriving at an understanding of life in contemporary urban centres? Give reasons for your answer.

Solution

There is no doubt that the description of Ibn Battuta is quite helpful in understanding the life-style of the Indian cities. His description seems as if the true picture emerges before our eyes.

(i) Ibn Battuta stated that Indian cities had many exciting opportunities. They were useful for those who had the necessary drive, skill and resources.

(ii) The Indian cities were densely populated. They were also prosperous. They had crowded streets. They had bright and colourful markets. They had a variety of goods.

(iii) According to Ibn Battuta, Delhi was a vast city. It had a lot of population. It was the largest city in India. Another big city was Daultabad in Maharashtra.

(iv) The markets and bazaars of the Indian cities were not only the places of the economic transactions but also the centres of social and cultural activities. Most of the bazaars had a mosque and a temple. They had also fixed places for public performances by dancers, musicians and singers.

(v) Ibn Battuta found that many towns derived their wealth and prosperity through the appropriation of surplus from villages.

(vi) According to Ibn Battuta, Indian agriculture was very productive. The farmers cultivated two crops a year because the land was very fertile.

(vii) The goods of India were in great demand in both West Asia and South-east Asia. So artisans and merchants earned huge profits. The sub-continent was well integrated with inter-Asian networks of trade and commerce.

Some More Questions From Through The Eyes Of Travellers Chapter

Discuss the extent to which Bernier’s account enables historians to reconstruct contemporary rural society.

Read this excerpt from Bernier:

“Numerous are the instances of handsome pieces of workmanship made by persons destitute of tools, and who can scarcerly be said to have received instruction from a master. Sometimes they imitate so perfectly articles of European manufacture that the difference between the original and copy can hardly be discerned. Among other things, the Indians make excellent muskets, and gold fowling-pieces, and such beautiful gold ornaments that it may be doubted if the exquisite workmanship of those articles can he exceeded by any European goldsmith. I have often admired the beauty, softness and delicacy of their paintings.”

List the crafts mentioned in the passage. Compare those with the descriptions of artisanal activity in the chapter.

On an outline map of the world mark the countries visited by Ibn Battuta. What are the seas that he may have crossed?

For any one of the travellers mentioned in the chapter, find out more about his life and writings. Prepare a report on his travels, noting in particular how he described society, and comparing these descriptions with the excerpts included in the chapter.

How had Bernier described a complex social reality of the artisans under the Mughals. Give any one reason.

Name the book written by Al-Biruni. Mention its language and content.

Give a brief introduction of Francois Bernier. How long he remained in India?

Name the two women poet-saints of Tamil Nadu. Whom did they worship?

Mention Bernier’s views about private property and crown ownership of land.

Mention any two characteristics of the cities in the Indian sub-continent, as described by Ibn-Battuta.