Read this excerpt from Bernier:

“Numerous are the instances of handsome pieces of workmanship made by persons destitute of tools, and who can scarcerly be said to have received instruction from a master. Sometimes they imitate so perfectly articles of European manufacture that the difference between the original and copy can hardly be discerned. Among other things, the Indians make excellent muskets, and gold fowling-pieces, and such beautiful gold ornaments that it may be doubted if the exquisite workmanship of those articles can he exceeded by any European goldsmith. I have often admired the beauty, softness and delicacy of their paintings.”

List the crafts mentioned in the passage. Compare those with the descriptions of artisanal activity in the chapter.

I. List of the names of the crafts mentioned in the passage:

This passage mentioned the crafts of making muskets and fowling pieces and making beautiful gold ornaments. These products were so beautiful that even Bernier was amazed to see these products.

II. Comparison of crafts referred in the passage with the description of artisanal activity in the chapter.

(i) In the chapter boat manufacturing and terracottan sculpture and temple architecture has been mentioned.

(ii) Art of painting has been referred related with 18th century that painting has depicted travellers gathered around a camp fire.

(iii) A seventeenth century painting depicting Bernier in European clothes and a painting depiciting in Indian clothes.

(iv) Art of carpet manufacturing has been referred.

(v) Art of dance, music and caligraphy have been referred in the chapter.

(vi) Crafts of manufacturing textile particular cotton cloth, fine muslins, silken cloth have been referred in this chapter.

(vii) Work of goldsmith and articles made of gold such as spoon studied with emeralds and rubies as an example of the dexterity of Mughal artisans have also referred in this chapter.

(viii) The imperial karkhanas and workshops (In which several kinds of artistic work was also done) have been referred in the chapter. In these karkhanas embroiderers have been described (who were employed by the emperor in the imperial workshops). In these workshops goldsmiths, painters, varnishers in lacquer work, joiners, turners, tailors, shoemakers, silken weavers and fine muslin manufacturers have been referred as great artisans of that time.