What is shifting cultivation called in Sri Lanka?

• Chena

• Penda

• Jhum

• Podu

What are the similarities between colonial management of the forests in Bastar and in Java?

Between 1880 and 1920, forest cover in the Indian sub-continent declined by 9.7 million hectares, from 108.56 million hectares to 98.9 million hectares. Discuss the role of the following factors in this decline:

• Railways

• Shipbuilding

• Agricultural expansion

• Commercial farming

• Tea / Coffee plantations

• Adivasis and other peasant users

Why are forests affected by wars?

What do you mean by deforestation?

Construction of railway tracks in India created huge demand for

Which plantation was the most important during the colonial period?

When was the Indian Forest Service set up?

Where was the Imperial Forest Research Institute set up?

What were the best forests called?

What is shifting cultivation called in Sri Lanka?