What were the best forests called?

• Protected

• Village forests

• Reserved forests

• Unreserved forests

Discuss how the changes in forest management in the colonial period affected the following groups of people:

• Shifting cultivators

• Nomadic and pastoralist communities

• Firms trading in timber / forest produce

• Plantation owners

• King / British officials engaged in Shikar

What are the similarities between colonial management of the forests in Bastar and in Java?

Between 1880 and 1920, forest cover in the Indian sub-continent declined by 9.7 million hectares, from 108.56 million hectares to 98.9 million hectares. Discuss the role of the following factors in this decline:

• Railways

• Shipbuilding

• Agricultural expansion

• Commercial farming

• Tea / Coffee plantations

• Adivasis and other peasant users

Why are forests affected by wars?

What do you mean by deforestation?

Construction of railway tracks in India created huge demand for

Which plantation was the most important during the colonial period?

When was the Indian Forest Service set up?

Where was the Imperial Forest Research Institute set up?

What were the best forests called?