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Bhakti-Sufi Traditions
Question
Explain the term ‘Khanqahs’ under sufism.
Solution
Khanqahs : By the eleventh century, sufism evolved into a well developed movement with a body of literature on Quranic studies and sufi practices. Institutionally, the sufis began to organise communities around the hospice or khanqah (Persian) controlled by a teaching master known as Shaikh (in Arabic), pir or murshid in Persian. He enrolled disciples (murids) and appointed a successor (khalifa). He established rules for spiritual conduct and interaction between inmates as well as between laypersons and the master.
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Some More Questions From Bhakti-Sufi Traditions Chapter
Explain with examples what historians mean by the integration of cults.
To what extent do you think the architecture of mosques in the subcontinent reflects a combination of universal ideals and local traditions?
What were the similarities and differences between the be-sharia and 6a-sharia sufi traditions?
Discuss the ways in which the Alvars, Nayanars and Virashaivas expressed critiques of the caste system.
Describe the major teachings of either Kabir or Baba Guru Nanak, and the ways in which these have been transmitted.
Discuss the major beliefs and practices that characterised Sufism.
Examine how and why rulers tried to establish connections with the traditions of the Nayanars and the Sufis.
Analyse, with illustrations, why Bhaktland Sufi thinkers adopted a variety of languages in which to express their opinions.
Read any five of the sources included in this chapter and discuss the social and religious ideas that are expressed in them.
On an outline map of India, plot three major sufi shrines, and three places associated with temples (one each of a form of Vishnu, Shiva and the goddess).
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