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Bhakti-Sufi Traditions
Question
Describe the three chief causes behind the origin and growth of the ‘Bhakti Movement’ or estimate the contribution of the three saints of Bhakti Movement.
Solution
I. Three main causes responsible for origin of Bhakti Movement : Shsnkaracharya saved the Hindu religion from decline. But the common masses could not comprehend their high thought and philosophy. Hence the origin of ‘Bhakti Movement’ was quite natural under such circumstances. The afflicted public which was sick of the Muslim invasion, robberies and crulties sought solace in the slave the slaughter of girls and refuse of God alone. Besides this, many evils like the sati system, the racial discrimination were prevalent in society.
II. Three main Saints of Bhakti Movement.
1. Ramanuja : He was the worshipper of Vishnu. Vishnu had various names which were treated as the forms of God.
2. Kabir : He was against idol worship. He was of the opinion that Ishwar, Allah, Ram and Rahim are all one and the same. He gave a blow at the caste system as well.
3. Chaitanya : He was a devotee of Krishna. He accepted Krishna as the incarnation of Vishnu. He opposed casteism too.
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Some More Questions From Bhakti-Sufi Traditions Chapter
Discuss the ways in which the Alvars, Nayanars and Virashaivas expressed critiques of the caste system.
Describe the major teachings of either Kabir or Baba Guru Nanak, and the ways in which these have been transmitted.
Discuss the major beliefs and practices that characterised Sufism.
Examine how and why rulers tried to establish connections with the traditions of the Nayanars and the Sufis.
Analyse, with illustrations, why Bhaktland Sufi thinkers adopted a variety of languages in which to express their opinions.
Read any five of the sources included in this chapter and discuss the social and religious ideas that are expressed in them.
On an outline map of India, plot three major sufi shrines, and three places associated with temples (one each of a form of Vishnu, Shiva and the goddess).
Choose any two of the religious teachers/thinkers/saints mentioned in this chapter, and find out more about their lives and teachings. Prepare a report
about the area and the times in which they lived their major ideas, how we know about them, and why you think they are important.
Find out more about practices of pilgrimage associated with the shrines mentioned in this chapter. Are these pilgrimages still undertaken? When are these shrines visited? Who visits these shrines? Why do they do so? What are the activities associated with these pilgrimages?
Mention the two earliest Bhakti Movements of Tamil Nadu, giving the main difference between them.
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