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Bhakti-Sufi Traditions
Question
Discuss the contribution of Amir Khusrau in the fields of music and literature.
Solution
Yet Amir Khusrau was a literary person of Persian language but he was a great supporter of Hindi (Hindavi). He loved India and gave the status of Aristotle to Indian Brahmanas. He was born at Patiala in 1252 AD. He gave more importance to this country in comparison with heaven. Following is given his contribution in the fields of music and literature.
(i) Khusrau composed many anthologies which include historical Premakhyan. He used all the forms of poetry and then formed new Persian form which later on called as Sabak-e-Hindi or Indian form of poetry.
(ii) Amir Khusrau gave a unique form to the Chishti Sama by introducing the qaul, a hymn sung at the opening or closing of qawwali. Qawwals at the shrine of Shaikh Nizammuddin Auliya always started their recital with the qaul.
(iii) Amir Khusrau was himself a great musician and took part in many religious sabhas. These sabhas were organised by sufi saint Shaikh Nizammuddin Auliya. It has been said that Amir Khusrau died on the second day after the death of Shaikh Nizamuddin Auliya.
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Some More Questions From Bhakti-Sufi Traditions Chapter
To what extent do you think the architecture of mosques in the subcontinent reflects a combination of universal ideals and local traditions?
What were the similarities and differences between the be-sharia and 6a-sharia sufi traditions?
Discuss the ways in which the Alvars, Nayanars and Virashaivas expressed critiques of the caste system.
Describe the major teachings of either Kabir or Baba Guru Nanak, and the ways in which these have been transmitted.
Discuss the major beliefs and practices that characterised Sufism.
Examine how and why rulers tried to establish connections with the traditions of the Nayanars and the Sufis.
Analyse, with illustrations, why Bhaktland Sufi thinkers adopted a variety of languages in which to express their opinions.
Read any five of the sources included in this chapter and discuss the social and religious ideas that are expressed in them.
On an outline map of India, plot three major sufi shrines, and three places associated with temples (one each of a form of Vishnu, Shiva and the goddess).
Choose any two of the religious teachers/thinkers/saints mentioned in this chapter, and find out more about their lives and teachings. Prepare a report
about the area and the times in which they lived their major ideas, how we know about them, and why you think they are important.
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