Endocrine Glands - The Producers Of Chemical Messengers

Question

Study the diagram given below and answer the following questions:

(i) Name the pancreatic cells which produce (1) glucagon and (2) insulin.
(ii) State the main function of (1) glucagon and (2) insulin.
(iii) Why is the pancreas referred to as an exo-endocrine gland?
(iv) Why is insulin not given orally but is injected into the body
(v) What is the technical term for the cells of the pancreas which produce endocrine hormones?
(vi) Where in the body is the pancreas located?

Solution

(i) The pancreatic cells which produce
(1) Glucagon: alpha cells.
(2) Insulin: beta cells.
(ii)
Glucagon stimulates the breakdown of glycogen into glucose in the liver and raises the blood sugar level.
Insulin controls the high blood sugar level in the body. It promotes the glucose
utilisation by the body and the conversion of glucose into glycogen in the liver to
maintain the normal sugar level.
(iii) The pancreas contains exocrine glands, which are duct glands, secreting pancreatic
juice in the small intestine which helps in digestion. On the other hand, it also
contains islets of Langerhans which are endocrine glands secreting insulin, glucagon
and somatostatin. Therefore, the pancreas is referred to as an exo-endocrine gland.
(iv) Insulin is a hormone and is proteinaceous in nature. If taken orally, it may be degraded n the stomach by digestive juice and will have no affect, so it is not taken orally.
(v) Islets of Langerhans is the technical term for the cells of the pancreas which produce endocrine hormones.
(vi) Pancreas is located in the abdomen, between the stomach and the small intestine.

Some More Questions From Endocrine Glands - The Producers of Chemical Messengers Chapter

(c) Given below are six sets with four terms each. In each set, a term is an odd one and cannot be grouped in the same category to which the other three belong. Identify the odd one in each set and name the category to which the remaining three belong. The first one has been done as an example:

Example: Fructose, Sucrose, Glucose, Calcium
Odd term: Calcium
Category: Carbohydrates

(iii) Cretinism, myxoedema, simple goitre, acromegaly

Choose the correct answer from the four options given below:

A gland which secretes both hormone and enzyme is the

Name the following:
The form in which glucose in stored in liver.

The Statements given below are false. Rewrite the correct form of the statement by changing the word which is underlined:

Cretinism is caused due to deficiency of Adrenaline.

Given below is an example of a certain structure and its special functional activity. On a similar pattern fill in the blanks with suitable functions:
Example: Chloroplast and Photosynthesis

iv. Thyroid gland and _________.

Give the biological/technical terms for the following:

v. The hormone increasing reabsorption of water by kidney tubules.

Differentiate between the following pairs on the basis of what is mentioned
within brackets:

iv. Vasopressin and Insulin (Deficiency disorder)

Give the exact location of the following:

Pituitary gland

Give reasons for the following:

People living in hilly regions usually suffer from simple goitre.