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Nationalism in India
How could non-cooperation become a movement? Explain with examples.
Gandhi declared that British rule was established in India with the cooperation of Indians, and had survived only because of this cooperation. If Indians refused to cooperate, British rule in India would have collapsed.
(i) Non-cooperation movement was launched by Gandhi in 1920 and it was unfolded in stages. It began with the surrender of titles that the government awarded, and a boycott of civil services, army, police, courts, schools and foreign goods.
(ii) Various social groups participated in this movement, each with its own specific aspiration. The non-cooperation movement started with the middle class participation in the cities.
(iii) Thousands of students left government-controlled schools and colleges; headmasters and teachers resigned; and lawyers gave up their legal practices.
(iv) Foreign goods were boycotted, liquor shops picketed, and foreign clothes burnt in huge bonfires. In many places, merchants and traders refused to trade in foreign goods or finance foreign trade.
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Compare the images of Bharat Mata in this chapter with the image of Germania in Chapter 1.
List all the different social groups which joined the Non-Cooperation Movement of 1921. Then choose any three and write about their hopes and struggles to show why they joined the movement.
Discuss the Salt March to make clear why it was an effective symbol of resistance against colonialism.
Imagine you are a women participating in the Civil Disobedience Movement. Explain what the experience meant to your life.
Why did political leaders differ sharply over the question of separate electorates?
When was the Indian National Congress formed?
Where was the first session of the Indian National Congress held?
Who was the President of the First Session of the Indian National Congress?
Mohandas Karam Chand Gandhi returned to India from South Africa in:
Which one of the following was not a moderate leader?
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