An Imperial Capital : Vijayanagara
Identify the rituals and practices associated with the Mahanavami Dibba, a structure in the Royal Centre of Vijayanagara Empire.
i.The name comes from the shape of the platform and the Mahanavami festival which was observed there.
ii. Rituals Associated with the structure – Dussehra, Durga Puja and Navaratri or Mahanavami
iii. The Vijayanagara kings displayed their prestige, power and suzerainty.
iv. The ceremonies performed on the occasion included worship of image, worship of the state horse, and the sacrifice of buffaloes and other animals.
v. Dances, wrestling match, and procession of horses, elephants and chariots and soldiers.
vi. Ritual presentations before the king and his guests by the chief nayakas and subordinate kings marked the occasion.
vii. The ruler inspected the army.
viii. Nayakas brought gifts and tribute for the kingIt had two of the most impressive platforms, the “Audience Hall” and the “Mahanavami Dibba”.
ix. The entire complex was surrounded by high double walls with a street running between them.
x. The audience hall was a high platform with slots for wooden pillars at close and regular intervals.
xi. It had a staircase going up to the second floor.
xii. The pillars were closely spaced.
xiii. The “Mahanavami Dibba” was a massive platform rising form a base of about 11,000 sq. ft to height of 40 ft.
xiv. The platform must have supported a wooden structure and other perishable material during festivals.
xv. The base of the platform is covered with relief carvings.
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What have been the methods used to study the ruins of Hampi over the last two centuries? In what way do you think they would have complemented the information provided by the priests of the Virupaksha temple?
How were the water requirements of Vijayanagara met?
What do you think were the advantages and disadvantages of enclosing agricultural land within the fortified area of the city?
What do you think was the significance of the rituals associated with the Mahanavami dibba?
Fig. 7.33 is an illustration of another pillar from the Virupaksha temple. Do you notice any floral motifs? What are the animals shown? Why do you think they are depicted? Describe the human figures shown.
Discuss whether the term “royal centre” is an appropriate description for the part of the city for which it is used
What does the architecture of buildings like the Lotus Mahal and elephant stables tell us about the rulers who commissioned them?
What are the architectural traditions that inspired the architects of Vijayanagara? How did they transform these traditions?
What impression of the lives of the ordinary people of Vijayanagara can you cull from the various descriptions in the chapter?
On an outline map of the world, mark approximately Italy, Portugal, Iran and Russia.Trace the routes the travellers mentioned on p.176 would have taken to reach Vijayanagara.
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