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Peasants, Zamindars And The State
What do the term ‘Jaat’ and ‘Sawar’ in Mansabdari system mean?
The emperor Akbar himself appointed the mansabdars. He was at liberty to increase or decrease the number of Sawars or the position of mansabdars. There were two categories of mansabdars namely : (a) Jaat (b) Sawar.
Jaat means that the rank, place and salary of the person has been fixed. But the rank Sawar denoted the number of horses. According to their ranks the mansabdars were classified into three categories. Only that person can be appointed as a mansabdar whose Jaat and Sawar ranks were at par.
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To what extent do you think caste was a factor in influencing social and economic relations in agrarian society?
How were the lives of forest dwellers transformed in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?
Examine the role played by zamindars in Mughal India.
Discuss the ways in which panchayats and village headmen regulated rural society.
On an outline map of the world, mark the areas which had economic links with the Mughal Empire, and trace out possible routes of communication.
Visit a neighbouring village. Find out how many people live there, which crops are grown, which animals are raised, which artisanal groups reside
there, whether women own land, how the local panchayat functions. Compare this information with what you have learnt about the sixteenth-
seventeenth centuries, noting similarities and differences. Explain both the changes and the continuities that you find.
How were the village artisans compensated by the villagers for their services? Write about any one.
How did the zamindars derive their power during the Mughal period? Mention any two ways.
What was Jati Panchayat? State any two of its functions.
Why had an artificial system of irrigation to be devised in India during sixteenth and seventeenth centuries ? Mention one such system.
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