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Rise Of Popular Movements

Question

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Identify the reasons which led to the Chipko Movement in UP in early 1970s. What was the impact of this movement ?

Solution

The reasons which led to the Chipko Movement in UP (Now Uttarakhand) were as given below :

(i) The forest department refused permission to the villagers to fell ash trees for agricultural tools.

(ii) The villagers protested against the practice of commercial logging that the government had permitted. The government had allotted the same patch of land to a sports manufacturer for commercial use.

(iii) There were larger issues of ecological and economic exploitation of the region. The villagers demanded that no forest-exploiting contracts should be given to outsiders and local communities should have effective control over natural resources like land, water and forests.

(iv) People demanded that the government should provide low cost materials to small industries and ensure development of the region without disturbing the ecological balance.

(v) There was issue of landless forest workers. The movement demanded guarantees of minimum wage.

(vi) The forest contractors doubled up as supplier of alcohol to men. Women were against this habit of alcoholism and held sustained agitations against it. They joined the movement and broadened the agenda of the movement to cover other social issues.

Impact of the movement : (i) The government issued a ban on felling of trees in the Himalayan regions for fifteen years, until the green cover was fully restored.

(ii) The Chipko Movement became a symbol of many such movements which emerged in different parts of the country during the 1970s and later.

Some More Questions From Rise of Popular Movements Chapter

Identify the reasons which led to the Chipko Movement in UP in early 1970s. What was the impact of this movement ?

The Bharatiya Kisan Union is a leading organisation highlighting the plight of farmers. What were the issues addressed by it in the nineties and to what extent were they successful ?

The anti-arrack movement in Andhra Pradesh drew the attention of the country to some serious issues. What were these issues ?

Would you consider the anti-arrack movement as a women’s movement ? Why ?

Why did the Narmada Bachao Aandolan oppose the dam projects in the Narmada Valley ?

Do movements and protests in a country strengthen democracy ? Justify your answer with examples.

What issues did the Dalit Panthers address ?

Read the passage and answer questions below :
.....nearly all ‘new social movements have emerged as corrective to new maladies–environmental degradation, violation of the status of women, destruction of tribal cultures and the undermining of human rights-none of which are in and by themselves transformative of the social order. They are in that way quite different from revolutionary ideologies of the past. But their weakness lies in their being so heavily fragmented......................a large part of the space occupied by the new social movements seem to be suffering from ..various characteristics which Have prevented them from being relevant to the truly oppressed and the poor in the form of a solid unified movement of the people. They are too fragmented, reactive, ad hocish, providing no comprehensive framework of basic social change. Their being anti-this or that (anti-West, anti-capitalist, anti-development, etc.) does not make them any more coherent, any more relevant to oppressed and peripheralised communities. —Rajni Kothari

(a) What is the difference between new social movements and revolutionary ideologies ?

(b) What according to the author are the limitations of social movements ?

(c) If social movements address specific issues, would you say that they are ‘fragmented’ or that they are more focused ? Give reasons for your answer by giving examples.

Which novel tactic was used for protest by women in the Chipko Movement and why?

Where the Chipko Movement had taken place ?

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