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Politics Of Planned Development

Question

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What was the major thrust of the First Five Year Plan ? In which ways did the Second Plan differ from the first one?

Solution

The First Five Year Plan (1951 -56) aimed getting the country out of the cycle of poverty. Its thrust was on agrarian sector including investment in dams because the agricultural sector was hit hardest by Partition and needed immediate attention.

(i) Huge allocations were made for large-scale projects like the Bhakhra-Nangal Dam.

(ii)The Plan identified the patterns of land distribution in the country as the principal obstacle in the way of agricultural growth.

(iii)So it focused on land reforms as the key to the country’s development.

The Second Five Year Plan differed from the first plan in the following ways:

(i)The Second Five Year Plan stressed on heavy industries in place of agriculture.

(ii)If First Five Year Plan had preached patience, the Second Plan wanted to bring about quick structural transformation by making changes simultaneously in all possible directions.

(iii) The push for industrialisation marked a turning point in India’s development in the Second Five Year Plan.

Some More Questions From Politics of Planned Development Chapter

The idea of planning in India was drawn from
(a) the Bombay plan (c) experiences of the Soviet bloc countries

(b) Gandhian vision of society (d) Demand by peasant organisations

Match the following:

What were the major differences in the approach towards development at the time of Independence ? Has the debate been resolved ?

What was the major thrust of the First Five Year Plan ? In which ways did the Second Plan differ from the first one?

What was the Green Revolution ? Mention two positive and two negative consequences of the Green Revolution.

State the main arguments in the debate that ensued between industrialisation and agricultural development at the time of the Second Five Year Plan.

“Indian policy makers made a mistake by emphasising the role of state in the economy. India could have developed much better if private sector was allowed a free play right from the beginning”. Give arguments for or against thisproposition.

Read the following passage and answer the questions below:
“In the early years of Independence, two contradictory tendencies were already well advanced inside the Congress party. On the one hand, the national party executive endorsed socialist principles of state ownership, regulat ion and control over key sectors of the economy in order to improve productivity and at the same time curb economic concentration. On the other hand, the national Congress government pursued liberal economic policies and incentives to private investment that was justified in terms of the sole criterion of achieving maximum increase in production. ” — Francine Frankel

(a) What is the contradiction that the author is talking about ? What would be the political implications of a contradiction like this ?

(b) If the author is correct, why is it that the Congress was pursuing this policy ? Was it related to the nature of the opposition parties ?

(c) Was there also a contradiction between the central leadership of the Congress party and its State level leaders ?

Why did the Orissa government sign Memorandum of Understanding with both international and domestic steel makers ?

What was the fear of the environmentalists about setting up of POSCO plant in Orissa ?

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