Explain the circumstances under which Gandhiji decided to call off the Civil Disobedience Movement in 1931.
The circumstances were-
(i) When Abdul Ghaffar Khan, a devout disciple of Gandhi, was arrested in 1930, angry crowds demonstrated in the streets of Peshawar, facing armoured cars and police firing. This led to violent clashes.
(ii) When Gandhi himself arrested, Industrial workers at Sholapur attacked all structures that symbolised British rule.
(iii) The government responded with a policy of brutal repression. Peaceful satyagrahis were attacked and about 100,000 people were arrested.