Explain the conditions that were viewed as obstacles to the economic exchange and growth by the new commercial classes during the nineteenth century in Europe.
OR
How did students in Vietnam fight against the colonial government's efforts to prevent Vietnamese from qualifying for 'white collar jobs'? Explain.
The conditions viewed by new commercial class as obstacles to the economic exchanges and growth of the economy were -
(i) The state imposed restrictions on the movement of goods and capital.
(b) Non-freedom of markets
(c) Multiple currency, weight and measures.
OR
The students fought against the colonial government's efforts to prevent the Vietnamese from qualifying for 'white collar jobs'. They were inspired by patriotic feelings and the conviction that it was the duty of the educated to fight for the benefit of the society. They formed various political parties, such as the “Party of the Young Annan” and published nationalist journals like “The Annanese Students”.
