What is false about the Ho Chi Minh Trail?

• It symbolises how the Vietnamese used their limited resources to great advantage.

• Most of the trail was inside Vietnam.

• Most of the trail was outside Vietnam in neighbouring Laos and Cambodia.

• The trail was a huge network of footpaths and roads, used to transport men and materials from the north to the south.

Rats were most common in the modern, newly built areas of Hanoi.

Describe the ideas behind the Tonkin Free School. To what extent was it a typical example of colonial ideas in Vietnam?

What was Phan Chu Trinh’s objective for Vietnam? How were his ideas different from those of Phan Boi Chau?

With reference to what you have read in this chapter, discuss the influence of China on Vietnam’s culture and life.

What was the role of religious groups in the development of anti-colonial feelings in Vietnam?

Explain the causes of the US involvement in the war of Vietnam. What effect did this involvement have on life within the US itself?

Write an evaluation of the Vietnamese War against the US from the point of view of:

(a) a porter on the Ho Chi Minh trail.

(b) a woman soldier.

What was the role of women in the anti-imperial struggle in Vietnam? Compare this with the role of women in the nationalist struggle in India.

When did Indo-China get its formal independence?

Which of the following countries comprises of Indo-China?