Gujjar Bakarwals are the most prominent tribal/ nomadic group of

• Himachal Pradesh

• J & K

• Punjab

• Rajasthan

Explain why nomadic tribes need to move from one place to another. What are the advantages to the environment of this continuous movement?

Discuss why the colonial government in India brought in the following laws. In each case, explain how the law changed the lives of pastoralists:

• Waste Land rules
• Forest Acts
• Criminal Tribes Act
• Grazing Tax

Give reason to explain why the Masai community lost their grazing lands.

There are many similarities in the way in which the modern world forced changes in the lives of pastoral communities in India and East Africa. Write about any two examples of changes which were similar for Indian Pastoralists and the Masai herders.

What are Bugyals?

To which state do the Gaddis belong?

Gujjar Bakarwals are the most prominent tribal/ nomadic group of

Dhangars were an important community of

When are the Kharif crops harvested?

When are the Rabi crops harvested?