According to the provision of Article 243, which of the following categories of the persons do not have mandatory reservation of seats in Panchayats?

• Scheduled Castes

• Scheduled Tribes

• Women of all categories

• Backward classes

Write Preamble to the Constitution of India.

Discuss powers and responsibilities of Panchayatas given according to the Constitution of India.

Discuss in a paragraph the social welfare responsibilities of the Panchayats.

Write a short note on 'Nyaya Panchayats'.

Discuss sources of income and items of expenditures of Panchayats. How have some checks imposed on the working of panchayats?

Explain the salient features of Panchayati Raj Act.

Discuss the Karachi Congress Resolution 1931. Also mention those programmes or politics which had been declared by the Congress to be accepted or implemented by the Swaraj Government in the country.

Interest groups are part and parcel of a functioning democracy. Discuss.

Read the snippets from the debates held in the Constituent Assembly. Identify the interest groups. Discuss what kind of interest groups exist in the contemporary India. How do they functions?

Or

Read the above snippets of the debates carefully. Discuss how different concerns were being expressed and debated. How relevant are these issue today?

Discuss constitutional norms and social justice in about 250 -300 words.

Or

Why is it useful to understand difference between law and justice? How does interpretation to laws aid social justice in India?