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Bhakti-Sufi Traditions
Comment upon the chief principles of sufism.
The Main Principles of Sufism:
1. Monotheism : The sufis were the adherents of Islam but alongwith they stressed monotheism. They accepted the pieces of advice of the pirs and prophets.
2. Mysticism : Their ideology is that of mysticism. It attaches importance to the secret and profound meaning of the Quran. The sufis see God (Allah) in every practice.
3. Stress on Love and Meditation : Man can reach near God through true affection. The prayers and fasts hold no significance before the love for God.
4. Bhakti Music : They attach over due importance to music in order to please God. He was against idol-worship.
5. Importance of Pir or Teacher : The sufis attached great significance to teachers or Pirs. They followed their pieces of advice.
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Describe the major teachings of either Kabir or Baba Guru Nanak, and the ways in which these have been transmitted.
Discuss the major beliefs and practices that characterised Sufism.
Examine how and why rulers tried to establish connections with the traditions of the Nayanars and the Sufis.
Analyse, with illustrations, why Bhaktland Sufi thinkers adopted a variety of languages in which to express their opinions.
Read any five of the sources included in this chapter and discuss the social and religious ideas that are expressed in them.
On an outline map of India, plot three major sufi shrines, and three places associated with temples (one each of a form of Vishnu, Shiva and the goddess).
Choose any two of the religious teachers/thinkers/saints mentioned in this chapter, and find out more about their lives and teachings. Prepare a report
about the area and the times in which they lived their major ideas, how we know about them, and why you think they are important.
Find out more about practices of pilgrimage associated with the shrines mentioned in this chapter. Are these pilgrimages still undertaken? When are these shrines visited? Who visits these shrines? Why do they do so? What are the activities associated with these pilgrimages?
Mention the two earliest Bhakti Movements of Tamil Nadu, giving the main difference between them.
Mention two features of the protest movement started by Nayanars and Alvars.
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