(a)

(i) Propanone to Propan-2-ol

 

 

(ii) Ethanal to 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid

 

 

 

(iii) Toluene to benzoic acid.

 

 

(b)

(i) Pentan-2-one and Pentan-3-one

 

 

By Iodoform Test

Pentan-2-one being a methyl ketone when treated with NaOI (I₂/NaOH) gives yellow precipitate of iodoform but pentan-3-one does not.

 

 

(ii) Ethanal and Propanal

 

 

By Iodoform test

Ethanal containing group CH₃-C=O linked to H, reacts with I₂/NaOH (or NaOI) to give yellow precipitate of iodoform but propanal does not contain group CH₃-C=O linked to H or C and hence does not react with I₂/NaOH to give yellow precipitate.