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Haloalkanes And Haloarenes

Question
CBSEENCH12010066

Give reasons:

The presence of nitro group (–NO2) at o/p positions increases the reactivity of haloarenes towards nucleophilic substitution reactions.

Solution

The presence of nitro groups (–NO2) at o/p positions increases the reactivity of haloarenes towards nucleophilic substitution reactions because nitro groups (–NO2) at o/p positions withdraw the electron density from the benzene ring facilitating the attack of the nucleophile. The negative charge in the carbanion formed, at ortho and para positions with respect to a halogen atom, is stabilised through resonance and the presence of nitro groups (–NO2), respectively.