B.

Blood sugar (fasting) - 80 - 100 mg/100 ml

Normal blood sugar level in adult human varies from 80 - 100 mg/100 ml (fasting) to 100-120 mg/100 ml (after meal).

Normal blood urea is 20 - 40 mg/dl

Total blood volume is 4 - 5 litres

ESR or Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate in wintrobe method is 0 - 9 mm in male and 0 - 20 mm in female.

A.

Lubb - sharp closure of AV valves at the beginning of ventricular systole

The gradually increasing contraction of ventricular muscles during systole first causes the closure of bicupsid and tricupsid valves (AV valves), producing a low- pitched 'lubb' sound. Later, it causes the opening of the semilunar valves of systemic and pulmonary aorta. At the end of ventricular systole, semilunar valves shut, producing the second, louder heart sound, the 'dup'. Thus, each heart beat is accompained by a 'lubb- dup' sound.

B.

Patella

Patella is a sesamoid bone. Sesamoid bones are formed by ossification of a tendon where the tendon moves over a bony surface.

B.

phosphoglycolate

In the process of photorespiration oxygen combines with RuBP (Ribulose- biphosphate) in chloroplast as following

O₂ + RuBP $\stackrel{\mathrm{Rubisco}}{\to }$3- Phosphoglycerate + $↴$

                              2- Phosphoglycerate $\to$CO₂

Phosphoglycolate enters in peroxisomes and is finally converted to CO₂.

B.

a reduction in vasopressin secretion from posterior pituitary

Vasopressin or ADH secreted from posterior pituitary stimulates reabsorption of water by the distal convoluted tubule and the collecting renal tubules and thus regulates urine volume. It has no such important effect on glucose metabolism. Therefore, a person whose blood glucose level is normal, but passes much urine and drinks much water has a reduction in vasopressin secretion which ultimately leads to diabetes insipidus.