Wiredfaculty Logo

For Daily Free Study Material Join wiredfaculty Whatsapp Group | Download Android App | Ncert Book Download

Economics Chapter 3 Poverty As A Challenge

    • Sponsor Area

    NCERT Solution For Class 9 About 2.html Economics

    Poverty As A Challenge Here is the CBSE About 2.html Chapter 3 for Class 9 students. Summary and detailed explanation of the lesson, including the definitions of difficult words. All of the exercises and questions and answers from the lesson's back end have been completed. NCERT Solutions for Class 9 About 2.html Poverty As A Challenge Chapter 3 NCERT Solutions for Class 9 About 2.html Poverty As A Challenge Chapter 3 The following is a summary in Hindi and English for the academic year 2021-2022. You can save these solutions to your computer or use the Class 9 About 2.html.

    Question 1
    CBSEENSS9008088
    Wired Faculty App

    Describe how the poverty line is estimated in India?
    Solution
    The poverty line is estimated in India into the following  methods:

    (i)Income Method — Under Income method, a minimum per capita income is fixed like in 1999-2000, the income was fixed at Rs. 328 per capita per month, and in urban areas it was Rs. 454. If any family has less than the fixed income, it is considered as below the poverty line. This method is used to distribute food at subsidized price through PDS.

    (ii)Expenditure Method —

    (a)Under this method the minimum nutritional food requirement for survival is estimated. The total minimum food requirement is firstly measured in calories. The calories is then converted into money value.

    (b)A minimum amount which is required for clothes and other requirements is added to the money value of food. This total amount is considered as poverty line.

    (c)All the families which spend less than the poverty line are considered as below the poverty line families. In India, the daily minimum nutritional requirement for a person has been fixed at 2400 calories in rural areas, and 2100 calories in urban areas.
    Question 2
    CBSEENSS9008089
    Wired Faculty App

    Do you think that the present methodology of Poverty estimation is appropriate?
    Solution

    No, the present methodology of poverty estimation is not appropriate.
    It is only a quantitative concept. It captures only a limited part of what poverty really means to the people. It is about a ‘minimum’ subsistence level of living rather than a 'reasonable' level of living.

    Question 3
    CBSEENSS9008090
    Wired Faculty App

    Describe the poverty trends in India since 1973.
    Solution
     

    Poverty ratio (%)

    Number of Poor

    Year

    Rural

    Urban

    Cambined

    Rural

    Urban

    Combined

    1973-74 1993-94

    56.4 37.3

    49.0 32.4

    54.9 36.0

    261 244

    60 76

    321 320

    1999-00

    27.1

    23.6

    26.1

    193

    67

    260

    (i)It is clear from the above table that there is substantial decline in poverty ratio in India from about 55 per cent in 1973 to 36 per cent in 1993.
    (ii)The proportion of people below poverty line further came down to about 26 per cent in 2000.
    (iii)If the trend continues, people below poverty line may come down to less than 20 per cent in the next few years.
    Question 4
    CBSEENSS9008091
    Wired Faculty App

    Discuss the major reasons for poverty in India.
    Solution

    The major reasons for poverty in India are discussed below:


    (i) One historical reason is the low level of economic development under the British Colonial administration.
    (ii)The policies of the Colonial government ruined traditional handicrafts and discouraged development of Industries like textile.

    (iii)With the spread of irrigation and the Green Revolution many job opportunities were created in the agricultural sector. But the effects were limited to some parts of India.

    (iv)Another reason of high poverty rate has been the huge income inequalities.
    (v)One of the major reasons for this is the unequal distribution of land and other reasources.
    Question 5
    CBSEENSS9008092
    Wired Faculty App

    Identify the social and economic groups which are most vulnerable to poverty in India.
    Solution
    The vulnerable groups:
    (i)Social groups - Schedule Caste and Schedule Tribe households.

    (ii)Economic groups - Rural agricultural labour households and the urban casual labour households.
    Question 6
    CBSEENSS9008093
    Wired Faculty App

    Give an account of the interstate disparities in poverty in India.
    Solution
    Poverty in India also has another aspect dimension. The proportion of poor people is not the same in every state of India. These has been significant decline in poverty since independence. But although there has been reduction in poverty, the success rate of reducing poverty varies from state to state.

    (i)States with Poverty ratio more than the national average: Assam, Bihar, Orissa, U.P. and Tripura are the most poverty ridden states of India. The poverty ratio in these states is much higher than the national average. Bihar and Orissa are the poorest states with poverty ratio of 43 and 47 respectively.

    (ii)States with low poverty ratio: Haryana, Punjab, Goa, Himachal Pradesh, and J&K have very low precentage of population living below the poverty line.

    (iii)States with poverty ratio less than the national average: There has been a significant decline in poverty ratio in Tamilnadu, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat and West Bengal. Recent studies show that in 20 states and union territories, the poverty ratio is less than the national average.
    Question 7
    CBSEENSS9008094
    Wired Faculty App

    Describe global poverty trends.
    Solution
    The global poverty trends:

    (i) Fall in global poverty - The World Bank defines poverty as living on less than $ 1 per day. There has been a substantial reduction in global poverty. It has fallen from 28 percent in 1990 to 21 per cent in 2001.

    (ii)Regional variation - Although there has been a substantial reduction in global poverty, it is marked with great regional variation. Poverty declined substantially in China and South-East Asian countries as a result of rapid economic growth and massive investment in human resources development. But the pace of reduction of poverty in South Asian countries is very slow.

    (iii)Poverty in India - Poverty in India has also declined, but the pace of reduction is very slow. According to World Bank's definition, 35.3% of the total population is still living below the poverty line.

    (iv)Poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa - In Sub-Saharan Africa, poverty in fact rose from 41 per cent in 1981 to 46 per cent in 2001. Sub-sahara includes Algeria, libya, Nigeria, China etc.

    (v)Poverty in Russia - The poverty has also resurfaced in some of the former socialist countries like Russia, where officially. It was not existent earlier.

    Country

    % of Population below $1 a day

    1. Nigeria

    70.8

    2. Bangladesh

    36.0

    3. India

    35.3

    4. Pakistan

    17.0

    5. China

    16.6

    6. Brazil

    8.2

    7. Indonesia

    7.5

    8. Sri Lanka

    5.6
    Source—World Development Report 2001.

    The above table shows the poverty situation in some of the countries of the world.
    Question 8
    CBSEENSS9008095
    Wired Faculty App

    Describe current government strategy of poverty alleviation.
    Solution
    The current anti-poverty strategy of the government is based broadly on two planks (a) promotion of economic growth (b) targeted anti - poverty programmes.
    It is also based on many schemes and programmes. Some of them have been mentioned below:

    (i)National Food for work programme (NEWP) - This programme was launched in 2004 in 150 most backward districts of country. The programme is open to all rural poor who are in need of wage employment and desire to do manual unskilled work.

    (ii)Prime Minister Rozgar Yozana (PMRY) - This scheme was started in 1993. It aims at creating self-employment opportunities for educated unemployed youth in rural areas and small towns.

    (iii)Rural Employment Generation Programme (REGP) - It was launched in 1995. It aims at creating self-employment opportunities in rural areas and small towns
    Question 9
    CBSEENSS9008096
    Wired Faculty App

    What do you understand by human poverty?
    Solution

    Human poverty is an inefficiency to get minimum basic needs such as, food, clothes and shelter.

    Question 10
    CBSEENSS9008097
    Wired Faculty App

    Who are the poorest of the poor?
    Solution

    The women, children and old people are the poorest of the poor.

    Question 11
    CBSEENSS9008098
    Wired Faculty App

    What are the main features of the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005?
    Solution
    The main features of the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005 are mentioned below: 
    (i)The NREGAs 2005 was passed in September 2005.

    (ii)The act provides 100 days assured employment to every rural household in 200 districts.

    (iii)The central government will also establish National Employment Guarantee funds.

    (iv)Later, the scheme will be extended to 600 districts. One third of the proposed Jobs would be reserved for women.

    (v)Under the programme, if an applicant is not provided employment within 15 days, he / she will be entitled to a daily unemployment allowance.
    Question 12
    CBSEENSS9008099
    Wired Faculty App

    Every __________ person is poor in India.

    • second

    • third

    • fourth

    • fifth
    Solution

    C.

    fourth

    Question 13
    CBSEENSS9008100
    Wired Faculty App

    How many crore of people live in poverty in India?

    • 28

    • 26

    • 30

    • 32
    Solution

    B.

    26

    Sponsor Area

    Question 19
    CBSEENSS9008106
    Wired Faculty App

    What ratio of people were poor in 1973 in India?

    • 36%

    • 26.1%

    • 54.9%

    • 32.1%
    Solution

    C.

    54.9%

    Question 20
    CBSEENSS9008107
    Wired Faculty App

    How much percentage of people were poor in 1993 in India?

    • 36%

    • 55%

    • 32%

    • 26%
    Solution

    A.

    36%

    Question 21
    CBSEENSS9008108
    Wired Faculty App

    What percentage of poor was in India in 2000?

    • 36

    • 55

    • 32

    • 26.1
    Solution

    D.

    26.1

    Question 24
    CBSEENSS9008111
    Wired Faculty App

    Which state has the highest percentage of poor?

    • Bihar

    • Madhya Pradesh

    • Assam

    • Orissa
    Solution

    D.

    Orissa

    Question 26
    CBSEENSS9008113
    Wired Faculty App

    How much crores of people were poor in China in the year 2001?

    • 60

    • 40

    • 30

    • 21.2
    Solution

    D.

    21.2

    Question 33
    CBSEENSS9008120
    Wired Faculty App

    In how many backward districts NFWP was launched?

    • 200

    • 300

    • 150

    • 250
    Solution

    C.

    150

    Question 34
    CBSEENSS9008121
    Wired Faculty App

    When was Prime Minister Rozgar Yojana launched?

    • 1995

    • 1999

    • 1996

    • 1993
    Solution

    D.

    1993

    Question 35
    CBSEENSS9008122
    Wired Faculty App

    When was Rural Employment Generation Programme launched?

    • 1995

    • 1993

    • 1999

    • 2001
    Solution

    A.

    1995

    Question 36
    CBSEENSS9008123
    Wired Faculty App

    When was Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana launched?

    • 1995

    • 1999

    • 2001

    • 2003
    Solution

    B.

    1999

    Question 37
    CBSEENSS9008124
    Wired Faculty App

    When was Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana launched?

    • 1995

    • 1999

    • 2000

    • 2003
    Solution

    C.

    2000

    Question 38
    CBSEENSS9008125
    Wired Faculty App

    Which country has the largest concentration of the poor?

    • China

    • India

    • Japan

    • Sub-Saharan Africa
    Solution

    D.

    Sub-Saharan Africa

    Question 39
    CBSEENSS9008126
    Wired Faculty App

    Which is the most vulnerable group of poverty in India?

    • General

    • SC

    • ST

    • IRDP
    Solution

    C.

    ST

    Sponsor Area

    Question 40
    CBSEENSS9008127
    Wired Faculty App

    Who estimate the poverty line?

    • President

    • Prime Minister

    • Chief Minister

    • NSSO
    Solution

    D.

    NSSO

    Question 49
    CBSEENSS9008136
    Wired Faculty App

    For how many days MNREGA provide employment?

    • 100

    • 120

    • 130

    • 90
    Solution

    A.

    100

    Question 51
    CBSEENSS9008138
    Wired Faculty App

    In which region of the world poverty line has risen up?

    • Europe

    • Asia

    • Sub-Saharan Africa

    • All the above
    Solution

    C.

    Sub-Saharan Africa

    Question 59
    CBSEENSS9008146
    Wired Faculty App

    What average calories have been set for population of urban areas?
    Solution

    2100 Calories.

    Question 60
    CBSEENSS9008147
    Wired Faculty App

    Which state has the highest poverty ratio in India?
    Solution

    Odisha

    Question 61
    CBSEENSS9008148
    Wired Faculty App

    What is Vulnerability?
    Solution

    Vulnerability to poverty is a measure which describes the greater probabilities of certain communities, or individual of becoming or remaining poor in the coming year.

    Question 62
    CBSEENSS9008149
    Wired Faculty App

    What average Calories have been fixed for Rural and Urban Areas by the Goverment?
    Solution

    For the rural area 2400 calories and for the urban area 2100 calories have been fixed for per person per day in India.

    Question 63
    CBSEENSS9008150
    Wired Faculty App

    Who estimates the Poverty Line?
    Solution

    The poverty line is estimated periodically normally every five year by conducting sample survey. These surveys are carried out by the National Sample Survey Organisation. (NSSO).

    Question 64
    CBSEENSS9008151
    Wired Faculty App

    Enlist three section of poor people.
    Solution

    They are:
    (i)landless labourer 
    (ii)Urban casual labourers
    (iii)Rural agriculture labourers

    Question 65
    CBSEENSS9008152
    Wired Faculty App

    What are the new indicator of poverty?
    Solution

    Now a days poverty is looked through other social indicators like illiteracy level, lack of general resistance due to malnutrition, lack of access to health care, lack of job opportunities, lack of access to safe drinking water, sanitation etc.

    Question 66
    CBSEENSS9008153
    Wired Faculty App

    What is social exclusion of Poverty?
    Solution

    According to this concept, poverty must be seen in term of the poor having to live only in a poor surrounding with other poor people excluded from enjoying social quality of better off people in better surrounding.

    Question 67
    CBSEENSS9008154
    Wired Faculty App

    Why do different Countries use different poverty line? State an example.
    Solution

    Each country uses an imaginary line that is considered appropriate for its existing level of development and its accepted minimum social norms.
    For example, a person not having a car in the United States may be considered poor. In India, owning of a car is still considered a luxury.

    Question 68
    CBSEENSS9008155
    Wired Faculty App

    Mention any four states which has highest poverty and four states with lowest poverty in India.
    Solution

    The states with highest poverty are: Orissa, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh and Assam.
    The lowest poverty states are: Goa, J&K, Punjab and Himachal Pradesh.

    Question 69
    CBSEENSS9008156
    Wired Faculty App

    What is the situation of people in developing countries living in extreme economic poverty?
    Solution

    The situation of people in developing countries living in extreme economic poverty had fallen from 28 per cent in 1990 to 21 per cent in 2001.

    Question 70
    CBSEENSS9008157
    Wired Faculty App

    Describe ‘National Food for Work Programme (NFWP)’.
    Solution

    National Food for Work Programme was launched in 2004 in 150 most backward districts of the country.
    The programme is open to all rural poor who are in need of wage employment and desire to do manual unskilled work. It is implemented as a 100 per cent centrally sponsored scheme and food grains are provided free of cost to the states.

    Question 71
    CBSEENSS9008158
    Wired Faculty App

    Mention ‘Prime Minister Rozgar Yojana' (PMRY).
    Solution

    Prime Minister Rozgar Yojana was started in 1993.
    The aim of the programme is to create self employment opportunities for educated unemployed youths in rural areas and small towns. They are helped in setting up small business and industries.

    Question 72
    CBSEENSS9008159
    Wired Faculty App

    What is ‘Rural Employment Generation Programme (REGP)’?
    Solution

    The Rural Employment Generation Programme was launched in 1995. The aim of the programme is to create self-employment opportunities in rural areas and small towns. A target for creating 25 lakh new jobs has been set for the programme under the Tenth Five Year Plan.

    Question 73
    CBSEENSS9008160
    Wired Faculty App

    What do you know about ‘Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY)’?
    Solution

    The Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana was launched in 1999.
    The programme aims at bringing the assisted poor families above the poverty line by organising them into self help groups through a mix of bank credit and govt. subsidy.

    Question 74
    CBSEENSS9008161
    Wired Faculty App

    Discuss ‘Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana (PMGY)’.
    Solution

    The Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana was launched in 2000.
    Under this additional central assistance is given to states for basic services such as primary health, primary education, rural shelter, rural drinking water and rural electrification.

    Question 75
    CBSEENSS9008162
    Wired Faculty App

    How does the social scientists see poverty?
    Solution

    Social scientists see poverty through variety of indicators.
    They look through poverty mainly from social indicators like illiteracy level, lack of general resistance due to malnutrition, lack of access to health care, lack of access to safe drinking water, sanitation, lack of job opportunities etc.

    Question 76
    CBSEENSS9008163
    Wired Faculty App

    Mention the major dimensions of poverty.
    Solution

    Following are the major dimensions of poverty:


    (i)Poverty means hunger and lack of shelter.

    (ii)Poverty also means lack of clean water and sanitation facilities.

    (iii)It is a situation in which parents are not able to send their children to school.

    (iv)It is a situation in which sick people cannot afford treatment.

    (v)Poverty means lack of a regular job at a minimum decent level.
    Question 77
    CBSEENSS9008164
    Wired Faculty App

    What is the main factor responsible for the reduction of poverty in the following states?

    (i) West Bengal 

    (ii) Kerala

    (iii) Punjab

    iv) Tamil Nadu
    Solution

    The factor responsible are:
    (i)West Bengal — Poverty has been reduced through land reform measures.

    (ii)Kerala — Poverty has been reduced through human resource development.

    (iii)Punjab — Poverty has been reduced due to high agricultural growth rate.

    (iv)Tamilnadu — Poverty has been reduced through proper PDS.

    Question 78
    CBSEENSS9008165
    Wired Faculty App

    ‘Poverty reduction is expected to make better progress in the next ten to fifteen years.’ State the reasons.
    Solution

    The resaons are:
    (i)Increasing stress on universal free elementary education.

    (ii)Declining population growth.

    (iii)Increasing empowerment of the women.

    Question 79
    CBSEENSS9008166
    Wired Faculty App

    'The result of Poverty alleviation programmes have been mixed.’ Mention the reasons.
    Solution

    The resaons are:
    (i)Over population and Corruption.

    (ii)Less effectiveness is the lack of proper implementation and right targeting.

    (iii)There has been a lot of overlapping of schemes.

    Sponsor Area

    Question 80
    CBSEENSS9008167
    Wired Faculty App

    'There is a strong link between economic growth and poverty reduction.’ Describe with examples.
    Solution
    India's economic growth has been one of the fastest in the world, since the eighties. 
    The growth rate jumped from the average of about 3.5 per cent a year in the 1970s to about 6 per cent during the 1980s and 1990s. The higher growth rates have helped significantly in the reduction of poverty.

    Economic growth widens opportunities and provides the resources needed to invest in human development. This also encourages people to send their children, including the girl child to schools in the hope of getting better economic returns from investing in education.
    Question 81
    CBSEENSS9008168
    Wired Faculty App

    Name any two social groups which are most vulnerable to poverty.
    Solution

    The groups are:
    (i) Scheduled Castes (SC)
    (ii) Scheduled Tribes (ST).

    Question 82
    CBSEENSS9008169
    Wired Faculty App

    Which Act ensures a poor person of 100 days employment?
    Solution

    Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act.

    Question 83
    CBSEENSS9008170
    Wired Faculty App

    “The Current anti-Poverty strategy of the govt. is based broadly on two planks'. Name the two planks.
    Solution

    The planks are:
    (i)Promotion of economic growth.

    (ii)Targeted anti-poverty programmes.

    Question 84
    CBSEENSS9008171
    Wired Faculty App

    Name any two poverty ridden states of India.
    Solution

    Bihar and Orissa.

    Question 85
    CBSEENSS9008172
    Wired Faculty App

    Name the organisation which is responsible for estimating poverty.
    Solution

    National Sample Survey Organisation.

    Question 86
    CBSEENSS9008173
    Wired Faculty App

    Mention any four countries which have high percentage of population living below poverty.
    Solution

    The countries:
    (i) India (ii) Bangladesh (iii) Nigeria (iv) Pakistan.

    Question 87
    CBSEENSS9008174
    Wired Faculty App

    Define mass poverty.
    Solution

    Mass poverty is a situation in which a large section of people in economy are deprived of the basic necessities.

    Question 88
    CBSEENSS9008175
    Wired Faculty App

    State any two indicators of poverty.
    Solution

    The indicators are:
    (i)Level of income
    (ii)Level of consumption.

    Question 89
    CBSEENSS9008176
    Wired Faculty App

    Suggest any three measures to remove poverty in India.
    Solution

    The measures are:
    (i)Population Control.

    (ii)Creation of more employment opportunities.

    (iii)More emphasis on small, rural and cottage industries.

    Question 90
    CBSEENSS9008177
    Wired Faculty App

    Discuss the following term with reference to textbook :

    (i) Landless 

    (ii) Unemployment

    (iii) Size of families 

    (iv) Illiteracy

    (v) Poor health/Malnutrition 

    (vi) Child labour

    (vii) Helplessness.
    Solution
    The terms -
    (i)Landless: Landless is that person who does not own any land.

    (ii)Unemployment: Unemployment is a situation in which those people who are able and willing to work at existing wage rate can not get work. Ram Saran and Lakha Singh's families are unemployed or under employed.

    (iii)Size of Families: By the size of families we mean the number of persons in a family. Generally the size of poor families like Ram Saran and Lakha Singh is very large.

    (iv)Illiteracy: Who can not read, write are treated as illiterate. Poor persons are generally illiterate.

    (v)Poor health/Malnutrition: Poor health mean who have no access to health care and remain ill. Malnutrition means under nourished.

    (vi)Child Labour: Working of the under age child is known as child labour which is prohibited by the government. But there always exists child labour in the poor families.

    (vii)Helplessness: The poor are helpless. They have even to work at lower wages than minimum wages.
    Question 91
    CBSEENSS9008178
    Wired Faculty App

    Describe the concept of social exclusion of poverty with example.
    Solution

    Social Exclusion:
    (i)According to this concept, poverty must be seen in terms of the poor having to live only in a poor surrounding with other poor people, excluded from enjoying social equality of better off people in better surroundings.
    (ii)Social exclusion can be both a cause as well as a consequence of poverty in the usual sence.

    (iii)Broadly, it is a process through which individuals or groups are excluded from facilities, benefits and opportunities that other (their ‘betters’) enjoy.
    (iv)A typical example is the wroking of the caste system in India in which people belonging to certain castes are excluded from equal opportunities.
    (v)Social exclusion thus may lead to, but can cause more damage than having a very low income.

    Question 92
    CBSEENSS9008179
    Wired Faculty App

    Examine the ‘Vulnerability’ of poverty.
    Solution

    Vulnerability:
    (i)Vulnerability to poverty is a measure, which describes the greater probability of certain communities (say, members of a backward caste) or individuals (such as a widow or a physically handicapped person) of becoming or remaining poor in the coming years.
    (ii)Vulnerability is determined by the option available to different communities for finding alternative leaving in terms of assets, education, health and job opportunities.
    (iii)Further, it is analysed on the basis of the greater risks there groups face at the time of natural disasters, terrorism etc.
    (iv)Additional analysis is made of their social and economic ability to handle these risks.
    (v)In fact, vulnerability describes the greater probability of being more adversely affected then other people when bad time comes for everybody. Whether a flood or an earthquake or simply a fall in the availability of jobs.

    Question 93
    CBSEENSS9008180
    Wired Faculty App

    Mention any three features of Public Distribution System (PDS).
    Solution

    The the features of PDS are mentioned below:


    (i) It is used as an important activity of the state to ensure food security to the people, particularly the poor ones.

    (ii)The prices of the goods sold through PDS in fair prices shops is lesser than that of the market price. The cost of this price difference is borne by the government. 

    (iii)This system controls unscrupulous rise in prices for essential goods in the markets.
    Question 94
    CBSEENSS9008181
    Wired Faculty App

    What do you think would be the “minimum necessary level” in your locality?
    Solution

    I think ‘minimum necessary level’ in our locality is Rs. 800 per month.

    Question 96
    CBSEENSS9008183
    Wired Faculty App

    Observe some of the poor families around you and try to find the following:

    (i)Which social and economic group do they belong to?

    (ii)Who are the earning members in the family?

    (iii)What is the condition of the old people in the family?

    (iv)Are all the children (boys and girls) attending schools?
    Solution
    (i) They belong to social groups like scheduled tribes and scheduled castes households and economic group like rural agricultural labour household.

    (ii) A few members are the earning members in the family.

    (iii) The condition of the old people in the family is most vulnerable.

    (iv) All the children (boys and girls) are not attending the schools. Most girls are still at home.
    Question 97
    CBSEENSS9008184
    Wired Faculty App

    Graph: Poverty Ratio in Selected Indian States, 1999-2000.

    Wired Faculty

    Source: Economic Survey 2001-02, Ministry of Finance, Government of India. Study the Graph 3.2 and do the following:


    (i) Identify the three states where the poverty ratio is the highest.
    (ii) Identify the three states where poverty ratio is the lowest.
    Solution

    (i)The poverty ratio is the highest in states like Orissa, Bihar and Madhya Pradesh.
    (ii)The poverty ratio is the lowest in the states like Jammu & Kashmir, Punjab and Himachal Pradesh.

    Mock Test Series

    Sponsor Area

    Sponsor Area

    NCERT Book Store

    NCERT Sample Papers

    Entrance Exams Preparation

    6