Contemporary India I Chapter 3 Drainage
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    NCERT Solution For Class 9 About 2.html Contemporary India I

    Drainage Here is the CBSE About 2.html Chapter 3 for Class 9 students. Summary and detailed explanation of the lesson, including the definitions of difficult words. All of the exercises and questions and answers from the lesson's back end have been completed. NCERT Solutions for Class 9 About 2.html Drainage Chapter 3 NCERT Solutions for Class 9 About 2.html Drainage Chapter 3 The following is a summary in Hindi and English for the academic year 2021-2022. You can save these solutions to your computer or use the Class 9 About 2.html.

    Question 1
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    Question 7
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    What is meant by water divide? Give an example.

    Solution

    Water divide is an upland which separates two drainage basins. 
    Example: Ambala located between the Ganges and the Indus. It separates two drainage Basins.

    Question 8
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    Why does the Brahmaputra in its Tibetan part has less silt, despite a longer course?

    Solution

    The Brahmaputra in its Tibetan part has less silt, despite a longer course because it is a cold and dry area.

    Question 9
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    State some economic benefits of rivers and lakes.

    Solution

    Role of Rivers in the Economy:

    (i)Rivers have been of fundamental importance throughout the human history. The areas along the banks of rivers have witnessed great cultural and economic progress since ancient times. 

    (ii)Water from the rivers is a basic natural resource, essential for human, agricultural and industrial activities.

    (iii)Rivers and their associated alluvial soils provide the most productive agricultural lands of the country. 

    (iv)Their valleys contain dense and concentrated settlements. Most of the large cities are located on rivers. Not only do rivers provide us with essential water supplies, but they also receive, dilute and transport wastes from settlements.

    (v)Rivers provide primary channels of inland transportation, not only directly in the form of navigable waterways, but also indirectly through their valleys, where roads, railways lines and other routes are built.

    Importance of the Lakes:

    (i)A lake helps to regulate the flow of a river. During heavy rainfall, it prevents flooding and during the dry season, it helps to maintain an even flow of water.

    (ii)Lakes are used for developing hydel power.

    (iii)Lakes are a valuable source of water.

    (iv)They moderate the climate of the surrounding, maintain the aquatic ecosystem, enhance natural beauty, help develop tourism and provide recreation.
    Question 10
    CBSEENSS9008983

    Below are given names of a few lakes of India. Group them under two categories natural and created by human beings.

    (a) Wular (b) Dal (c) Nainital (d) Bhimtal (e) Gobind Sagar (f) Loktak (g) Barapani (h) Chilka (i) Sambhar (j) Rana Partap Sagar (k) Nizam Sagar (l) Pulicat (m) Nagarjuna Sagar (n) HiraKund.



    Solution

    (i) Natural lakes: (a) Wular (b) Dal (c) Nainital (d) Bhimtal (f) Loktak (g) Barapani (h) Chilka (i) Sambhar (l) Pulicat.

    (ii) Man-made lakes: (e) Gobind Sagar (j) Rana Partap Sagar (l) Nizam Sagar (n) Nagarjuna Sagar (n) Hira Kund.

    Question 11
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    Discuss the significant difference between the Himalayan and Peninsular rivers.

    Solution

    Himalayan Rivers

    Rivers of the Peninsula

    (i)Most of the Himalayan rivers are perennial. It means that they have water throughout the year

    (i)A large number of the Peninsular rivers are seasonal, as their flow is dependent on rainfall.

    (ii)These rivers do not have any waterfalls. Hence these are not useful for generation of water power.

    (ii)These rivers make waterfalls and cataracts on the plateau. Hence these are useful for hydro-electric projects.

    (iii)The Himalayan rivers have large basins and extensive catchment areas. Therefore these have a large volume of water.

    (iv)The peninsular rivers have small basins and small catchment areas. Therefore these do not have a large volume of water.

    (iv)These rivers flow over plains, therefore these are useful for irrigation and navigation.

    (iv)These rivers flow on rocky areas and are not used for irrigation and navigation.

    (v)These rivers pass through deep gorges and before entering the plains and have meandering courses on plains.

    (v)These rivers flow through shallow river valley have straight courses.

    (vi)These rivers form vast alluvial plains by depositing sediments.

    (vi)These rivers do not bring fertile alluvium and do not form alluvial plains.

     

     

    Question 12
    CBSEENSS9008985

    Compare the east flowing and the west flowing rivers of the Peninsular Plateau.

    Solution

    East flowing Rivers

    West flowing Rivers

    (i)The Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, Cauvery are east flowing rivers.

    (i)The Narmada and Tapi are west flowing rivers.

    (ii)These rivers form deltas on the east coast.

    (ii)These rivers do not form deltas on the west coast.

    (iii)These rivers fall into Bay of Bengal

    (iv)These rivers fall into Arabian Sea.

    Question 14
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    Question 15
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    Question 16
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    Question 17
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    Question 18
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    Question 19
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    Question 20
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    Question 21
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    Question 22
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    Question 23
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    Question 24
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    Question 25
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    Question 26
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    Question 27
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    Question 28
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    Question 30
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    Question 32
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    Question 34
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    The length of Indus River is

    • 2700 km

    • 2800 km

    • 2900 km

    • 3000 km

    Solution

    C.

    2900 km

    Question 35
    CBSEENSS9009008

     Ganga enters plains at

    • Rishikesh

    • Haridwar

    • Devparga

    • Allahabad

    Solution

    B.

    Haridwar

    Question 36
    CBSEENSS9009009
    Question 37
    CBSEENSS9009010

    The length of Ganga is

    • 2200 km

    • 2400 km

    • 2500 km

    • 2600 km

    Solution

    C.

    2500 km

    Question 38
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    Question 39
    CBSEENSS9009012

    GAP (Ganga Action Plan) covers towns

    • 47

    • 50

    • 57

    • 60

    Solution

    C.

    57

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    Question 40
    CBSEENSS9009013

    How many states have taken up GAP?

    • 12

    • 14

    • 16

    • 18

    Solution

    C.

    16

    Question 41
    CBSEENSS9009014
    Question 42
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    Question 43
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    Question 44
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    Question 45
    CBSEENSS9009018

    What is meant by drainage?

    Solution

    The river system of an area.

    Question 46
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    Classify the rivers of India into two main groups.

    Solution

    The Himalayan rivers and the Peninsular rivers.

    Question 47
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    Mention the three main Himalayan river systems.

    Solution

    Indus, Ganga, Brahmaputra are three main Himalayan river systems.

    Question 48
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    What form the main water divide in Peninsular India?

    Solution

    Western ghats.

    Question 49
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    Write an example of salt water lake in Rajasthan.

    Solution

    Sambhar lake

    Question 50
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    Where the Indus river enters india?

    Solution

    Ladakh.

    Question 51
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    Into which sea, the Indus flows?

    Solution

    Arabian sea.

    Question 52
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    States the three states sharing the water of Indus river Basin.

    Solution

    The states are: Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab and Himachal Pradesh.

    Question 53
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    Which water treaty was signed between India and Pakistan?

    Solution

    Indus water treaty.

    Question 54
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    Which rivers rise in the Nepal Himalaya?

    Solution

    The rivers are: Ghaghara, Gandak and Kosi.

    Question 55
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    Which place Yamuna joins Ganga river?

    Solution

    Allahabad.

    Question 56
    CBSEENSS9009029

    Which are the two right bank tributaries of Ganga?

    Solution

    They are: Yamuna and Son.

    Question 57
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    Question 58
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    Question 59
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    Which Delta is formed by Ganga-Brahmaputra river?

    Solution

    Sundarbans Delta

    Question 60
    CBSEENSS9009033

    Mention the area in Tibet from where river Indus rises.

    Solution

    Mansarovar lake.

    Question 61
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    What is the name of Brahmaputra river in Tibet?

    Solution

    Tsangpo.

    Question 62
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    Question 63
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    Why are the Himalayan rivers perennial?

    Solution

    The Himalayan rivers are perennial because they have water throughout the year. These rivers receive water from rain as well as from melted snow from the lofty mountains.

    Question 64
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    Which two rivers originate from central high lands?

    Solution

    The rivers are: Narmada and Tapti.

    Question 65
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    Question 66
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    Mention two falls on Narmada river.

    Solution

    The falls are: Marble rock and Dhuadhar.

    Question 67
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    Which peninsular river forms an estuary?

    Solution

    Narmada.

    Question 68
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    Which is the largest river in Peninsular India?

    Solution

    Godavari

    Question 69
    CBSEENSS9009042

    Which states share Mahanadi Basin?

    Solution

    The states are: Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Orissa and Maharashtra.

    Question 70
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    Which states share Krishna Basin?

    Solution

    The states: Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh.

    Question 71
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    Mention two lakes found in Kashmir valley.

    Solution

    The lakes are: Wular lake and Dal lake.

    Question 72
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    Write a lagoon lake.

    Solution

    Chilka lake.

    Question 73
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    Which river has action plan for cleaning it?

    Solution

    Ganga river.

    Question 74
    CBSEENSS9009047

    What is meant by Trans-Himalayan rivers?

    Solution

    Trans-Himalayan river means a river rising beyond the great Himalayas. After cutting deep gorges in the great Himalayas, the river flows into Indian sub-continent. 

    Question 75
    CBSEENSS9009048

    What is a drainage basin?

    Solution

    The area drained by a single river system is called a drainage basin.

    Question 76
    CBSEENSS9009049

    Why is Godavari river is also known ‘Dakshin Ganga’?

    Solution

    Because of its length and the area it covers, Godavari is also known as the ‘Dakshin Ganga’.

    Question 77
    CBSEENSS9009050

    Why the river banks have attracted settlers from ancient times?

    Solution

    Rivers have been of fundamental importance throughout the human history. Water from the rivers is a basic natural resource, essential for various human activities.
    Therefore, the river banks have attracted settlers from ancient times

    Question 78
    CBSEENSS9009051

    Define Lake? 

    Solution

    A body of water that lies in a hollow in the earth’s surface and is entirely surrounded by land.

    Question 79
    CBSEENSS9009052

    Describe the deteriorating water quality in India.

    Solution
    The growing domestic, municipal, industrial and agricultural demand for water from rivers naturally affects the quality of water. As a result, more and more water is being drained out of the rivers reducing their volume.
    On the other hand, a heavy load of untreated sewage and industrial effluents are emptied into the rivers. This affects not only the quality of water but also the self-cleansing capacity of the river.

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    Question 80
    CBSEENSS9009053

    Mention some of the towns located along the banks of Ganga.

    Solution

    Haridwar, Kanpur, Allahabad, Varanasi, Patna are some of the towns situated along the banks of Ganga.

    Question 81
    CBSEENSS9009054

    Mention the four Deltas on the East coast. 

    Solution

    The Deltas are:
    (i)Mahanadi Delta
    (ii)Godavari Delta
    (iii)Krishna Delta
    (iv)Cauvery Delta

     

    Question 82
    CBSEENSS9009055

    Name the five important tributaries of Indus river.

    Solution

    The five important tributaries are Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas and Sutlej.

    Question 83
    CBSEENSS9009056

    Describe the formation of river Brahmaputra.

    Solution

    Brahmaputra:
    (i)The Brahmaputra rises in Tibet east of Mansarowar lake very close to the sources of the Indus and the Satluj.
    (ii)It is slightly longer than the Indus, and most of its course lies outside India. It flows eastwards parallel to the Himalayas.
    (iii)On reaching the Namcha Barwa,7757 m, it takes a ‘U’ turn and enters India in Arunachal Pradesh through a gorge. Here, it is called the Dihang and it is joined by the Dibang, the Lohit, the Kenula and many other tributaries to form the Brahmaputra in Assam.

    Question 84
    CBSEENSS9009057

    Explain the Indus River System.

    Solution
    Indus River System:
    (i)The river Indus rises in Tibet, near Lake Mansarowar. Flowing west, it enters India in the Ladakh district of Jammu and Kashmir.
    (ii)It forms a picturesque gorge in this part. Several tributaries, the Zaskar, the Nubra, the Shyok and the Hunza, join it in the Kashmir region.
    (iii)The Indus flows through Baltistan and Gilgit and emerges from the mountains at Attock. The Satluj, the Beas, the Ravi, the Chenab and the Jhelum join together to enter the Indus near Mithankot in Pakistan.
    (iv)Beyond this, the Indus flows southwards eventually reaching the Arabian Sea, east of Karachi. The Indus plain has a very gentle slope.
    (v)With a total length of 2900 km, the Indus is one of the longest rivers of the world.
    Question 85
    CBSEENSS9009058

    Describe National River Conservation Plan (NRCP).

    Solution

    National River Conservation Plan (NRCP):

    (i)The activities of Ganga Action Plan (GAP) phase-I, initiated in 1985, were declared closed on 31st March 2000.
    (ii)The Steering Committee of the National River Conservation Authority reviewed the progress of the GAP and necessary correction on the basis of lessons learnt and experiences gained from GAP Phase-I.
    (iii)These have been applied to the major polluted rivers of the country under the NRCP. The Ganga Action Plan (GAP) Phase-II, has been merged with the NRCP.
    (iv)The expanded NRCP now covers 152 towns located along 27 interstate rivers in 16 states. Under this action plan, pollution abatement works are being taken up in 57 towns. A total of 215 schemes of pollution abatement have been sanctioned.
    (v)So far, 69 schemes have been completed under this action plan. A million litre of sewage is targeted to be intercepted, diverted and treated.
    Question 86
    CBSEENSS9009059

    Explain the three main rivers system of Northern India.

    Solution

    The three main rivers system of Northern India are explained below:

    (i)The Indus River System - It is one of the world's largest systems. The river Indus rises in Tibet near lake Mansarovar and enters India in Ladakh. It comprises the rivers of India, Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Sutlej and Beas. Indus, Jhelum and Chenab flow in Pakistan.

    (ii)The Ganga River System - The headwaters of the Ganga, called the ‘Bhagirathi’ is fed by the Gangotri Glacier and joined by the Alaknanda at Devaprayag in Uttaranchal. At Haridwar the Ganga emerges from the mountains on to the plains. The Ganga is joined by many tributaries from the Himalayas, a few of them being major rivers such as the Yamuna, the Ghaghara, the Gandak and the Kosi.

    (iii)The Brahmaputra River System - The Brahmaputra river is the master stream of this system. It is 2880 km long. It flows parallel to the Himalayas in Tibet and is known as Tsangpo. It enters India in Arunachal Pradesh through Dihang gorge. It is known for its notorious floods and silt deposits. It joins Padma river in Bangladesh to form a large delta.
    Question 87
    CBSEENSS9009060

    Explain the five main rivers of Peninsular India.

    Solution
    The five main rivers of Peninsular India are explained below:

    (i)The Narmada - The Narmada rises in the Amarkantak hills in Madhya Pradesh. It flows towards the west in a rift valley formed due to faulting. On its way to the sea, the Narmada creates many picturesque locations. The ‘Marble rocks’, near Jabalpur where the Narmada flows through a deep gorge, and the ‘Dhuadhar falls’ where the river plunges over steep rocks, are some of the notable ones.

    (ii)The Tapi -  The Tapi rises in the Satpura ranges, in the Betul district of Madhya Pradesh. It also flows in a rift valley parallel to the Narmada but it is much shorter in length. Its basin covers parts of Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Maharashtra.
    (iii)The Mahanadi- The Mahanadi rises in the highlands of Chhattisgarh. It flows through Orissa to reach the Bay of Bengal. The length of the river is about 860 km. Its drainage basin is shared by Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, and Orissa.

    (iv)The Godavari- The Godavari is the largest Peninsular river. It rises from the slopes of the Western Ghats in the Nasik district of Maharashtra. Its length is about 1500 km. It drains into the Bay of Bengal.
    (v)The Krishna - Rising from a spring near Mahabaleshwar, the Krishna flows for about 1400 km and reaches the Bay of Bengal. The Tungabhadra, the Koyana, the Ghatprabha, the Musi and the Bhima are some of its tributaries.

    Question 88
    CBSEENSS9009061

    Describe the various drainage patterns.

    Solution
    The streams within a drainage basin form certain patterns, depending on the slope of land, underlying rock structure as well as the climatic conditions of the area.
    These are: 
    (i)Dendritic - The dendritic pattern develops where the river channel follows the slope of the terrain. The stream with its tributaries resembles the branches of a tree, thus the name dendritic.
    (ii)Trellis - A river joined by its tributaries, at approximately right angles, develops a trellis pattern. A trellis drainage pattern develops where hard and soft rocks exist parallel to each other.
    (iii)Rectangular -  A rectangular drainage pattern develops on a strongly jointed rocky terrain.
    (iv)Radial patterns - The radial pattern develops when streams flow in different directions from a central peak or dome like structure.

    Question 89
    CBSEENSS9009062

    Define Gorge.

    Solution

    Gorge is a narrow valley between hills or mountains, typically with steep rocky walls and a stream running through it.

    Question 90
    CBSEENSS9009063

    What do you know about Sunderbans delta?

    Solution

    The Sundarban Delta derived its name from the Sundari tree which grows well in marshland. It is the world’s largest and fastest growing delta. It is also the home of Royal Bengal tiger.

    Question 91
    CBSEENSS9009064

    Write the names of the rivers indicated in the map given below by number 3, 7, 12, 20, 26, 27.




    Solution

    The rivers:
    (i) 3 = River Chenab
    (ii) 7 = River Luni
    (iii) 12 = Godavari river
    (iv) 20 = Brahmaputra river
    (v) 27 = Chambal river
    (vi) 26 = Yamuna river

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