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The highest Peak in the Eastern Ghats is
Anai Mudi
Mahendergiri
Kanchenjunga
Khasi
B.
Mahendergiri
What are tectonic Plates?
A tectonic plate is a massive, irregularly shaped slab of solid rock, generally composed of both continental and oceanic lithosphere.
Which continents of today were part of Gondwana land?
The continents which were part of Gondwana are: Asia, Africa, Australia and South America.
What is Bhabar?
The rivers, after descending from the mountains deposit pebbles in a narrow belt of about 8 to 16 km in width lying parallel to the slopes of the Shiwaliks. It is known as bhabar.
Name the three major divisions of the Himalayas from North to South.
The three major divisions of the Himalayas from North to South are:
(i)The Great Himalayas or Inner Himalayas or the Himadri.
(ii)The Lesser Himalayas or Himachal.
(iii)The Shiwaliks or Outer Himalayas.
Distinguish between:
Converging and diverging tectonic plates.
Converging plates come towards each other and Diverging plates move away from each others.
Distinguish between:
Bhangar and Khadar.
Areas of older alluvium are called Bhangar. These lie above the flood plain of the rivers and present a terrace like feature. The newer and younger deposits of the plain are called Khadar. These are fertile areas.
Distinguish between:
Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats.
|
Western ghats |
Eastern ghats |
|
(i) Western ghats lie parallel to the western coast. They are continuous and can be crossed through passes only (ii)These consist of Sahyadri, Nilgiris, Annamalai and Cardamom hills. (iii)The main passes in Western ghats are-Thai ghat, Bhor ghat and Pal ghat. (iv) The average height is 1000 metres. The highest peak is Anaimudi (2965 metres) in Kerala. |
(i) The Eastern Ghats are discontinuous and irregular and dissected by rivers draining into the Bay of Bengal. (ii)Mahendragiri (1,501 metres) is the highest peak in the Eastern Ghats. (iii)There are wide gaps in Eastern ghats, through which rivers flow. (iv)The average height of Eastern ghats is 450 metres. These merge with Western ghats in Nilgiris. |
Describe how the Himalayas were formed?
Which are the major physiographic divisions of India? Contrast the relief of the Himalayan region with that of the Peninsular plateau.
The major physiographic divisions of India are:
(i)The Himalayan Mountains
(ii)The Northern Plains
(iii)The Peninsular plateau
(iv)The Indian Desert
(v)The Coastal Plains
(vi)The Islands
| The Himalayan region | Peninsular plateau | ||
| (i)The Himalayas, geologically young and structurally fold mountains stretch over thenorthern borders of India. (ii)These mountain ranges run in a west-east direction from the Indus to the Brahmaputra. (iii)The Himalayas represent the loftiest and one of the most rugged mountain barriers of the world. |
(i)The Peninsular plateau is a tableland composed of the old crystalline, igneous and metamorphic rocks. (ii)It was formed due to the breaking and drifting of the Gondwana land and thus, making it a part of the oldest landmass. (iii)The plateau has broad and shallow valleys and rounded hills. This plateau consists of two broad divisions, namely, the Central Highlands and the Deccan Plateau. |
Give an account of the Northern Plains of India.
Give an account of the coastal plains of India.
Write short notes on the following:
The Island groups of India
India has also two groups of islands.
(i)Lakshadweep Islands group lie close to the Malabar coast of Kerala. This group of islands is composed of small coral isalnds. Earlier they were known as Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindive. In 1973 these were named as Lakshadweep. It covers small area of 32 sq km. Kavaratti island is the administrative headquarters of Lakshadweep. This island group has great diversity of flora and fauna. The Pitli island, which is uninhabited, has a bird sanctuary.
(ii)The elongated chain of islands located in the Bay of Bengal extending from north to south are Andaman and Nicobar islands. They are bigger in size and are more numerous and scattered. The entire group of islands is divided into two broad categories – The Andaman in the north and the Nicobar in the south. It is believed that these islands are an elevated portion of submarine mountains. These island groups are of great starategic importance for the country. There is great diversity of flora and fauna in this group of islands too. These islands lie close to equator and experience equatorial climate and has thick forest cover.
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Which is the oldest landmass of India?
Northern plains
Peninsular plateau
Himalayas
Aravallis
B.
Peninsular plateau
The highest peak of Himalayas in India is
Mt. Everest
Kanchenjunga
K-2
Dhaulgiri
A.
Mt. Everest
Which is the highest peak of southern India?
Doda Beta
Anai Mudi
Mahendargiri
Kalsubai
B.
Anai Mudi
The Southern part of west coastal plain is called
Konkan Coast
Coromandel Coast
Kanara Coast
Malabar Coast
D.
Malabar Coast
Where is Pitli bird Sanctuary located?
Andaman islands
Nicobar islands
Lakshadweep
Maldives
C.
Lakshadweep
Which is a rift valley?
Ganga valley
Narmada valley
Chambal valley
Damodar valley
D.
Damodar valley
Which is the longest range in Middle Himalayas?
Dhauladhar
Mahabharat
Pir Panjal
Karakoram
C.
Pir Panjal
The Himalayas between Satluj and Kali Rivers is called
Punjab Himalayas
Kumaon Himalayas
Nepal Himalayas
Purvanchal
B.
Kumaon Himalayas
Match the following ranges with their hills.
| A. Guru Shikhar | (i) Cardamom hills |
| B. Anaimudi | (ii) Aravalli |
| C. Dodabetta | (iii) Sahayadri |
| D. Kalsubai | (iv) Nilgiris |
A. Guru Shikhar | (i) Aravalli |
B. Anaimudi | (ii) Cardamom hills |
C. Dodabetta | (iii) Nilgiris |
D. Kalsubai | (iv) Sahayadri |
Which is a true statement?
Siwalik is the Southernmost range of Himalayas
Siwalik is a trans Himalayas range
Siwaliks are located in Kashmir
Siwaliks are located in Tibet
A.
Siwalik is the Southernmost range of Himalayas
Which is a True statement?
The uplift of sediments of Tethys resulted in the formation of Himalayas
The uplift of sediments of Tethys resulted in the formation of Aravallis
The uplift of sediments of Tethys resulted in the formation of Western Ghats
The uplift of sediments of Tethys resulted in the formation of Eastern Ghats
D.
The uplift of sediments of Tethys resulted in the formation of Eastern Ghats
Which is a false statement?
The Himalayas consist of three parallel ranges
The Himalayas are sword shaped
The Himalayas are the loftiest mountains
The Himalayas have been reduced in height due to erosion
D.
The Himalayas have been reduced in height due to erosion
Match the following Plateaus/Ranges with their heights.
| A. Western Ghats | (i) 700 metres |
| B. Chotanagpur | (ii) 6100 metres |
| C. Himadri | (iii) 1200 metres |
| D. Shiwaliks | (iv) 1200 metres. |
A. Western Ghats | (i) 1200 metres |
B. Chotanagpur | (ii) 1200 metres. |
C. Himadri | (iii) 6100 metres |
D. Shiwaliks | (iv) 1200 metres. |
Which is a false statement?
Mountains have a rugged terrian
Plains have a gentle terrain
Plateaus have a steep slope on all sides
Deserts get high rainfall
D.
Deserts get high rainfall
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Convergence plates
come towards each other
move away from each other
these may collide
these may slide under the other
A.
come towards each other
The Himalayas have uplifted out of the_______
Tethys Sea
Arabian Sea
Red Sea
North Sea
A.
Tethys Sea
The average height of Great Himalayas is
5,000 metres
5,500 metres
6,000 metres
6,500 metres
C.
6,000 metres
Nepal Himalayas extend between
Kali and Tista rivers
Tista and Dihang rivers
Kosi and Gandhara
Yamuna and Ganga
A.
Kali and Tista rivers
All the streams from Himalayas disappear in
Bhabhar region
Terai region
Khadar region
Bangar region
A.
Bhabhar region
Ravines or bad lands are found in
Chambal valley
Son valley
Damodar valley
Betwa valley
A.
Chambal valley
Which two forces are responsible for shaping the present landform features of India?
Internal movements and External forces.
What is the main cause of difference in relief features of India?
Difference in Geology (Rock formations).
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Mention three ranges of middle Himalayas.
The ranges are: Pir Panjal, Dhauladhar and Mahabharat.
Mention the hill stations of Himalayas.
They are: Dharamshala, Dalhousie, Shimla, Mussorie and Darjeeling.
Name the two main division of Peninsular Block.
They are: Central High lands and Deccan plateau.
Which rocks compose the pensinsular plateau?
The pensinsular plateau is composed of old crystalline, igneous and metamorphic rocks.
What are the three segments of western coastal plain?
Malabar coast, Kannad coast and Konkan coast are the three segment of coastal plain.
Where is India's active volcano found?
India’s active volcano is found on Barren island in Andaman and Nicobar group of Islands.
Name the four region of the northern plain.
The four region of the northern plain are: Bhabar, Terai, Bhangar and Khadar.
Describe the importance of western ghats.
The Western Ghats cause orographic rain by facing the rain bearing moist winds to rise along the western slopes of the Ghats.
Which processes have altered the relief of India?
The process are: Weathering, erosion and deposition.
Name the valleys that are found in Himachal Himalayas.
The valleys are: Kashmir, Kangra and Kulu.
What are the three plateaus of Central High Lands?
The three plateaus of Central High Lands are: Malwa, Bundel Khand and Baghel Khand.
Mention the three prominent North-Eastern hills of Himalyas.
The hills are: Garo, Khasi and Jaintia.
Which three passes are in Western Ghats?
Thai Ghat, Bhor Ghat and Pal Ghat are in Western Ghats.
Which states of India host Himalayas?
The states are: J & K, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh.
Which hills are located between Narmada and Tapti rivers?
Satpura, Mahadev, Kaimur, and Maikal Range are located between Narmada and Tapti rivers.
Which states include Western Ghats?
The states are: Maharashtra, Karnatka, Kerala and kerala Tamil Nadu.
State three features of the Peninsular plateau.
What are distributaries?
The rivers in their lower course split into numerous channels due to the deposition of silt. These channels are known as distributaries.
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Between which rivers does Ganga plain extend?
Ganga plain extend between Ghaggar and Teesta.
Which forms an unstable zone from the view point of geology?
From the view point of geology, Himalayan mountains form an unstable zone.
What marks the easternmost geographical limit of the Himalayas?
The Brahmaputra marks the easternmost geographical limit of the Himalayas.
Why are the Himalayas called the young fold mountains?
The Himalayas are called young fold mountains because they have been formed in the very recent geological period i.e. tertiary period, About 70 million years ago.
Describe in short the formation of northern plains.
The formation of northern plains:
(i)The northern plain has been formed by the interplay of the three major river systems, namely– the Indus, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra along with their tributaries.
(ii)This plain is formed of alluvial soil.
(iii)The deposition of alluvium in a vast basin lying at the foothills of the Himalaya over millions of years, formed this fertile plain.
What are Shiwaliks? Mention any two characteristics of it.
The outer most range of the Himalayas is called the Shiwaliks.
(i)They extend over a width of 10-50 Km and have an altitude varying between 900 and 1100 metres.
(ii)These ranges are composed of unconsolidated sediments brought down by rivers from the main Himalayan ranges located farther north.
What are duns? Write examples from the Himalayan region.
The longitudinal valley lying between lesser Himalaya and the Shiwaliks are known as Duns.
Dehra Dun, Kotli Dun and Patli Dun are examples of the Duns.
What is the great Himalayas? Write any two characteristics of the great Himalayas.
The northern most range is known as the Great or Inner Himalayas or the ‘Himadri’.
(i)It is the most continuous range consisting of the loftiest peaks with an average height of 6,000 metres.
(ii)It contains all the prominent Himalayan peaks.
Describe the extention of Ganga plain.
The Ganga plain extends between Ghaggar and Teesta rivers.
It is spread over the states of North India, Haryana, Delhi, U.P., Bihar, partly Jharkhand and West Bengal to its East, particularly in Assam lies the Brahmaputra plain.
Describe the Regional divisions of Himalayas demarcated by river valleys.
The Regional divisions of Himalayas demarcated by river valleys:
(i)The part of Himalayas lying between Indus and Satluj has been traditionally known as Punjab Himalaya but it is also known regionally as Kashmir and Himachal Himalaya from west to east respectively.
(ii)The part of the Himalayas lying between Satluj and Kali rivers is known as Kumaon Himalayas.
(iii)The Kali and Tista rivers demarcate the Nepal Himalayas and the part lying between Tista and Dihang rivers is known as Assam Himalayas.
Mention the division of Himalayas on the basis of height.
The division of Himalayas:
(i)Trans Himalayas
(ii)Great Himalayas or Inner Himalayas
(iii)Lesser Himalayas or Middle Himalayas
(iv)Sub Himalayas or Shivaliks.
Mention the three broad sections of the Northern plain.
Northern plain is broadly divided into three sections:
Describe the division of Northern plains regions based on the variations in relief.
According to the variations in relief features, the Northern plains can be divided into four regions.
Mention the division of the Eastern Coastal plain and the Western Coastal plain.
Western Coastal Plain:-
(i)Konkan Coast: Mumbai to Goa.
(ii)Kannad Coast: Goa to Kochi
(iii)Malabar Coast: Kochi to Kanyakumari.
Eastern Coastal Plain:-
(i) Northern Circar Coast: From West Bengal to Andhra Pradesh.
(ii) Coromandel Coast: From Andhra Pradesh to Kanyakumari.
Differentiate between Western Himalayas and Eastern Himalayas.
|
Western Himalayas |
Eastern Himalayas |
|
(i)The Western Himalayas extend from the states of Jammu and Kashmir to Himachal Pradesh. (ii)These are called Kashmir Himalayas and Kumaon Hills. (iii)These include Zaskar ranges, Karakoram mountains, Pir Panjal and Dhauladhar Hills. (iv)The Western Himalayas have a high altitude where K2 (8611 metres) is the highest peak. (v)These ranges have the passes of Karakoram, Shipki la, Zoji la. (vi0These ranges enclose the valley of Kashmir. |
(i)The Eastern Himalayas are located in the states of West Bengal, Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh. (ii)These are called Purvanchal Himalayas. (iii)These include Patkoi, Naga, Lushai hills and extend .upto Garo-Jaintia-Mizo hills. (iv)The Eastern Himalayas have a medium altitude where Namcha Barwa (7756 metres) is the highest peak. (v)These ranges have the passes of Nathu la, Bomdi la. (vi)These ranges enclose the Brahmaputra valley. |
Distinguish between the Western coastal plain and Eastern coastal plain.
|
Western Coastal Plain |
Eastern Coastal Plain |
|
(i)West Coast is a narrow alluvial plain with a width of 50-80 kms. It is uneven and wet.
(ii)The short swift rivers do not make any deltas on the Western Coast. The Tapti and Narmada make estuaries. (iii)Kandla, Mumbai, Marmagao, Mangalore and Cochin are major ports on West coast. |
(i)The Eastern Coast has a wide plain with well developed delta 80 to 120 km. wide. It is level and dry.
(ii)The large rivers make wide deltas on the Eastern Coast. Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, Cauvery make well-developed deltas. (iii)Tuticorin, Chennai, Vishakh-apatnam, Paradeep and Kolkata are major ports on the East coast. |
Distinguish between Terai and Bhabar region.
|
Terai |
Bhabar |
|
(i)Terai is a broad long zone south of Bhabar plain. (ii)It is a marshy, wet and marshy area covered with thick forests. (iii)It is 20-30 kms wide. (iv)Many streams re-emerge here from the Bhabar area. (v)It is suitable for agriculture. |
(i)Bhabar is a long narrow plain along the foothills. (ii)It is a pebble studded zone of porous beds. (iii)It is 8-16 kms wide. (iv)Streams are lost in the region due to porous rocks. (v)It is unsuitable for agriculture. |
What does movement of tectonic plates result?
The movement of the plates results in the building up of stresses within the plates and the continental rocks above, leading to folding, faulting and volcanic activity.
What have been changed by the movement of Plates?
The movement of plates have changed the position and size of the continents over millions of years. Such movements have also influenced the evolution of the present landform features relief of India.
Explain Theory of Plate Tectonics.
Enlist the major peaks of Himalayas, having a height of more than 8000 metres and name the states in which these are located.
|
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. |
Peak Mt. Everest K2 Godwin Austin Kanchenjunga Makalu Dhaulagiri Nanga Parbat Annapurna |
Height 8848 metres 8611 metres 8598 metres 8481 metres 8172 metres 8126t metres 8078 metres |
Country Tibet-Nepal border Jammu and Kashmir Sikkim Nepal Nepal Jammu and Kashmir Nepal |
(a) Mountain Ranges: (1) Karakoram (2) Kailash (3) Zanskar (4) Pir Panjal (5) Shiwaliks (6) Garo (7) Khasi (8) Jaintia (9) Patkoi (10) Naga (11) Vindhaya (12) Kaimur (13) Satpura (14) Maikal (15) Eastern ghats (16) Western ghats (17) Cardamom Hills (18) Nilgiri (19) Aravalis.
(b) Mountain Peaks: (20) K2 (21) Nanda Devi (22) Dhaulagiri (23) Mt. Everest (24) Kanchanjunga (25) Namcha Burva (26) Anai Mudi.
(c) Mountain Passes: (27) Karakoram (28) Shipki la (29) Bomdila (30) Thai ghat (31) Bhor ghat (32) Pal ghat.
(d) Coasts: A—Konkan coast, B—Kanara coast, C—Malabar coast, D—Coromandel coast, E—Northern circar coast.
(e) Plateaus: (33) Malwa (34) Chhota Nagpur (35) Deccan Plateau.
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