Fundamentals Of Human Geography Chapter 2 The World Population, Distribution, Density And Growth

A.

Africa

B.

South-east Asia

B.

Medical/educational facilities

C.

It took 100 years for the population to rise from 5 billion to 6 billion.

The geographical factors which influence the distribution of population are:

(i)Availability of water

(ii)Landforms

(iii)Climate

This happen due to the following reasons:

The three components of population change are:

The factors influencing the distribution and density of population are discussed below:

(i)Geographical Factors
(a)Availability of water: It is the most important factor for life. So, people prefer to live in areas where fresh water is easily available. Water is used for drinking, bathing and cooking – and also for cattle, crops, industries and navigation. It is because of this that river valleys are among the most densely populated areas of the world.
(b)Landforms: People prefer living on flat plains and gentle slopes. This is because such areas are favourable for the production of crops and to build roads and industries. The Ganga plains are among the most densely populated areas of the world while the mountains zones in the Himalayas are scarcely populated.
(ii)Economic Factors
(a)Minerals: Areas with mineral deposits attract industries. Mining and industrial activities generate employment. So, skilled and semi–skilled workers move to these areas and make them densely populated. Katanga Zambia copper belt in Africa is one such good example.
(b)Industrialisation:Industrial belts provide job opportunities and attract large numbers of people. These include not just factory workers but also transport operators, shopkeepers, bank employees, doctors, teachers and other service providers. The Kobe-Osaka region of Japan is thickly populated because of the presence of a number of industries.
(iii)Social and Cultural Factors
Some places attract more people because they have religious or cultural significance. In the same way – people tend to move away from places where there is social and political unrest. Many a times governments offer incentives to people to live in sparsely populated areas or move away from overcrowded places.

The term population distribution refers to the way people are spaced over the earth’s surface

People migrate for better economic and social life.

The total population of the world in 2001 was 618 crore.

About 80 million.

Indus and Ganga.

Negative Growth of Population:
If the population decreases between two points of time it is known as negative growth of population. It occurs when the birth rate falls below the death rate or people migrate to other countries.

Positive Growth of Population:
This happens when the birth rate is more than the death rate between two points of time or when people from other countries migrate permanently to a region.

318 years.

Inoculation against epidemics and other communicable diseases, improvement in medical facilities and sanitation contributed to a rapid decline in death rates throughout the world.

The measures which can help population control are:
(i)Propaganda 
(ii)Free availability of contraceptives
(iii)Tax disincentives for large families

The economic factors influencing the distribution of population are described below:

(i)Minerals: Areas with mineral deposits attract industries. Mining and industrial activities generate employment. So, skilled and semi–skilled workers move to these areas and make them densely populated.
Katanga Zambia copper belt in Africa is one such good example.
(ii)Urbanisation: Cities offer better employment opportunities, educational and medical facilities, better means of transport and communication. Good civic amenities and the attraction of city life draw people to the cities. It leads to rural to urban migration and cities grow in size. Mega cities of the world continue to attract large number of migrants every year.
(iii)Industrialisation: Industrial belts provide job opportunities and attract large numbers of people. These include not just factory workers but also transport operators, shopkeepers, bank employees, doctors, teachers and other service providers.
The Kobe-Osaka region of Japan is thickly populated because of the presence of a number of industries.

For the sustainability of our resources, the world will have to control the rapid population increase.

Migrants who move into a new place are called Immigrants.

The push factors are:
(i)unemployment
(ii)poor living conditions
(iii)political turmoil
(iv)unpleasant climate
(v)natural disasters
(vi)epidemics and socio-economic backwardness.

The factors are:
(i)better job opportunities and living conditions 

Migration may be permanent, temporary or seasonal. Migration takes place from:

(i)Rural to Rural

(ii)Rural to Urban

(iii)Urban to Rural

(iv)Urban to Urban

Areas with very heavy rainfall or extreme and harsh climates have low population.

A.

China

C.

60%

C.

10 times

D.

U.S.

C.

36 years

B.

8 billions

B.

fertility

A.

Total number of children born to a woman.

D.

High birth rate and death rate.

C.

Immigrants

A.

Emmigrants

D.

10

B.

60%

80 million.

The river valleys are Indus and Ganga.

The compoments are Birth rate, Death rate and Migration.

Katanga-Zambia copper belt.

318 years.

The annual growth rate of population (1995-2004) for the mentioned countries is as under:

(i) Russia, Ukraine, Czech Republic etc. in Europe and China, Japan and Thailand in Asia.
(ii) Angola, Eritriea, Liberia, Somalia etc.

My grandfather is a migrant. The reason of migration was partition of the country.

The density of population in our city Delhi is 9294 persons per sq. km.

Density of population is usually calculated in persons per sq km

Density of Population = Population /Area.

Examples:

(i) Population growth has impaired the productivity of renewable natural resources and their provision of environmental services.

(ii) Population growth is likely to depress wages at the bottom end of the pay scale

(iii) High proportions of school-age children, characteristic of countries experiencing rapid population growth, undoubtedly put pressure on existing school and health care facilities.

Measures necessary for leading a healthy and reasonably long life:

(i) Availability of pre and post natal health care facilities in order to reduce infant mortality and post-delivery deaths among mothers

(ii) Old age health care

(iii) Adequate nutrition

(iv) Safety of individual

(v) Life free from illness and ailment

Africa

Africa

Health is the key area of human development and healthy people are capable of using all the resources and create wealth out of them.

The population of any region changes from high birth rates and high death rates to low birth rates and low death rates as the society progresses and from rural agrarian and illiterate to urban, industrial and literate society. These changes are termed as demographic cycle.

Transition theory is a three staged model :

(i) First stage of high fertility & high mortality.

(ii) Second stage –Fertility high and mortality declines.

(iii) Third stage both fertility and mortality declines.

Population ageing is the process by which the share of the older population becomes proportionally larger.

Factors that influence the distribution of population in the world are:

(i) Availability of water- It is the most important factor for life. So, people prefer to live in areas where fresh water is easily available.

(ii) Landforms- People prefer living on flat plains and gentle slopes. This is because such areas are favourable for the production of crops and to build roads and industries.

(iii) Climate- An extreme climate such as very hot or cold deserts are uncomfortable for human habitation. Areas with a comfortable climate, where there is not much seasonal variation attract more people.

(iv) Soil –Fertile soils are important for agricultural and allied activities. Therefore, areas which have fertile loamy soils have more people living on them as these can support intensive agriculture.

(v) Urbanization- Cities offer better employment opportunities, educational and medical facilities, better means of transport and communication.

Density of population is expressed as number of persons per unit area.

(i) Availability of water- It is the most important factor for life. So, people prefer to live in areas where fresh water is easily available.

(ii) Landforms- People prefer living on flat plains and gentle slopes. This is because such areas are favourable for the production of crops and to build roads and industries.

(iii) Climate- An extreme climate such as very hot or cold deserts are uncomfortable for human habitation. Areas with a comfortable climate, where there is not much seasonal variation attract more people.

(iv) Soil –Fertile soils are important for agricultural and allied activities. Therefore, areas which have fertile loamy soils have more people living on them as these can support intensive agriculture.

Population Density refers to the ratio between the number of people to the size of the land or the number of people inhabiting per unit of land.
Geographical factors influencing the distribution of population are:

1. Availability of water: It is the most important factor for life. So, people prefer to live in areas where fresh water is easily available. Water is used for drinking, bathing and cooking – and also for cattle, crops, industries and navigation. It is because of this that river valleys are among the most densely populated areas of the world for eg: The Ganga plains are densely populated.
2. Landforms: People prefer living on flat plains and gentle slopes because such areas are favourable for the production of crops and to build roads and industries. The mountainous and hilly areas hinder the development of transport network and hence initially do not favour agricultural and industrial development. So, these areas tend to be less populated. For eg: The Ganga plains are among the most densely populated areas of the world while the mountains zones in the Himalayas are scarcely populated.
3. Climate: An extreme climate such as very hot or cold deserts are uncomfortable for human habitation. Areas with a comfortable climate, where there is not much seasonal variation attract more people. Areas with very heavy rainfall or extreme and harsh climates have low population. For eg: All mediterranean regions are inhabited from early periods due to their pleasant climate.
4.  Soils: Fertile soils are important for agricultural and allied activities. Therefore, areas which have fertile loamy soils have more people living on them as these can support intensive agriculture. For eg: Indo-gangetic plain in India are the most fertile lands for agruculture.

a. Algeria

b. Northern Eurasia

c. Perth

d. New Orleans

e. Santiago.