Physical Education Chapter 2 Olympic Movement

Olympic Motto: Olympic motto is made from three Latin words. i.e. (Citius, Altius and Fortius) which means faster, higher and stronger. 

This flame ignited by the Olympic torch which is brought to the venue of modern Olympics by a relay of torchbearers. Torch is kept burning throughout the game at the venue of the modern Olympics by a relay of torchbearers. Torch is kept burning throughout the games at the venue of the Olympic games. Olympic flame was kept burning throughout the Olympic games of Amsterdam in Holland in the year 1928.

It (Olympic games) of 2020 will be held in Tokyo (Japan).

The first, second and third position holders are awarded with gold, silver and bronze medals and a certificate respectively. The next five position holders are also awarded with certificates only.

India first time participated in 1928 Amsterdam Olympic games.

Olympic flag was created in 1913 by Baronde Coubertin. It was first inaugurated in Paris in June 1914. Olympic flag is made of white silk and contains five interlocking rings/circles in five colours representing five continents of the world namely America, Europe, Australia, Asia and Africa. The five rings have different colours namely yellow, green red blue and black. The interlocking of the ring circle symbolizes co-cooperation and friendship.

Baron de Coubertin is known as the father of modern Olympic games. The credit to start the modern Olympic games goes to Baron Perie de Coubertin of France.

The objective of introduction of this award is to identify, recognize, nurture and develop extraordinary talent among games. This will help in the development of sports activities, the importance of physical education and sports. The financial support is in the form of scholarship, that will motivate the students to excel in their sports activities. The scholarship of Rs. 500/- per month is given to all identified sports talent in class IX-XII based on the performance at National level in various disciplines of CBSE inter-school sports and games.

The aim of Olympic games is to create peace and co-operation amongst the nations with the spirit of sports competition, Olympic games play a significant role to develop the following values :

(a) Friendship             (b) Solidarity
(c) Fair play                (d) Freedom from discrimination

(a) Friendship:

The value of friendship is steeped in the tradition of the ancient Olympic. The athletes express this value by forming lifelong bonds with their teammates as well as their opponents.

(b) Solidarity:

The Olympic movement is committed to developing programmes that, together create a meaningful and comprehensive social response. 

(c) Fair play:

Olympic movement ensures fair play. Athletes participate in the Games in Loyal competition with respecting the regulation. Fair play means without using any doping aid to enhance the performance for winning medal and not using any wrong method for winning medal.

(d) Freedom from discrimination:

Main aim of Olympic is that there should be no racial discrimination for the athletes, all are equal. They have equal right to participate in every event to show their performance.

At the beginning of the game, the host country representative will take oath on behalf of all participating athletes. That is 'we swear that will take part in the Olympic games in loyal competition respecting and abiding by the rule which governs them without the use of doping and drugs in the true spirit of sportsmanship for the glory of sports and the honor of our teams'. The flag bearers of the competing nations also take up their positions at the time of oath taking ceremony.

This award is given to those coaches who impart coaching temporarily or permanently to the teams or players. The following capabilities are necessary for the eligibility of this award: The coach, who has been imparting training to a player or a team of an indigenous sport and that team has raised the standard of sport during the last three years is also eligible for this award. The coach is also eligible for this award whose player has achieved top position like won gold medal, silver medal or bronze medal at Olympic games or at world cup tournament. The player who has won the gold medal at Asian Games or Common Wealth Games.
This award is presented by youth welfare and Human Resources Developed Minister, Govt, of India. In this award, 5 lakh rupees cash, a symbol of Guru Dronacharya and a certificate are presented to the coach.

The Sports was by no means a Greek invention. Despite the severe condition of life; athletes down the history, men found time to enjoy a variety of sports. According to available history, the first ancient Olympic games were started in Olympic valley in 776 B.C. At that time that the games were held in honour of God Zeus, later on. Hercules, started the games and sports in the honour of his father. Although there was a lot of stories about the origin of ancient Olympic games. According to some other learned person, there was a wrestling competition between God Zeus and God Koronus in which the organization of games and sports was started. Whatever the reason behind the beginning of the game Olympic game was in a beautiful valley named Olympia, due to this feet these games were called the Olympic Games. During the games period or month any war or dispute might be taking place, would be stopped at once and a true would be declared.

The games were conducted in following way:

1. Opening Ceremony
2. Assembly
3. Oath
4. Events
5. Awards

The Ancient Olympic Games continued and was held for approximately thousand fears. In 394 A.D. The king of Rome stopped the organization of games, stadiums were destroyed and revived after many decades, that called Modern Olympic Games.

The international Olympic Association consists of members from various countries.

President: The President of IOC is selected by its members for a term of eight years. The current IOC president is Jacques Rogg.

Vice President: In the IOC four vice presidents are elected. They are elected for four years.

Executive Board: The IOC executive board consist of President, Vice President and other members. Main Function of International Olympic association committee:

1. It decides the venue and date of Olympic games.
2. It ensures the regular celebration of Olympic games.
3. For conducting the competition and general for the Olympics fundamental rules set by this committee.
4. It also acts against any form of discrimination affecting Olympic movements.
5. It leads the fight against doping in sports.

Indian Olympic Association was established in 1927 sir Dorabji Tata and Dr. Noehren became the founder President and General Secretary of the International Olympic committee, the election of the office bearers of the Indian Olympic Association is held after every four years. The council consists of various members:

1. President
2. Vice President-9
3. Joint Secretaries- 6
4. Secretary-General - 1

Executive Members: one honorary Treasurer, seven representatives of State Olympic Associations and twelve representatives national sports federations. 

Objectives of Indian Olympic Association:

1. Enforcement of all rules and regulations of an international Olympic committee and in Indian Olympic association.
2. Development and promotion of the Olympic movement.
3. To take disciplinary action against and federation for misbehavior or any other undesirable activity discredit to the nation.
4. To co-operate with national sports federation, organize and control selection, training, coaching of the team that will represent India. 
5. Admitting the members of state Olympic association/national sports federations which submit their annual reports and audited statements of accounts.

Recognition of any outstanding achievements is highly motivating and more so when it comes from the top functionary of the prevailing system. The Govt, of India, sports has instituted following national awards for outstanding sportspersons and coaches.

1. Arjuna Award
2. Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award
3. Dronacharya Award Arjuna Award

Arjuna award is the supreme honor, which is awarded to sportsperson by the govt, of India. This award is given to such sportsperson who has given an extraordinary performance in their field for last three years. This award was started in 1961 in the name of Arjuna in Mahabharata. This award includes a statue of Arjuna, and five lakh rupees cash, the president of India presents this award on 29th August (The birthday of legendary, hockey wizard Late Dhyan Chand, Olympian every year.) 

Rules for Arjuna Award:-

1. It's main aim is to improve the standards of sports in the country.
2. The Govt, of India demands a list of sports persons from National Sports federations which is recognised.
3. The total number of Arjuna awards are restricted to 15, one award in each discipline, however, it can be increased in extraordinary performance by a sports person.
4. Sports Federation sends a list of three players, in which one will be selected but in case of female two awards will be given one male and one female. 

(a) CBSE organizes its sports and games at Cluster Level, Zonal Level and National Level in various categories and sports annually as per their calendar.
(b) The sports and games are organised under the general directions of the CBSE.
(c) The chairman of the CBSE shall be the chairman of the sports and games committee.

Aims and objective of CBSE Sports:

1. To arrange and organize CBSE affiliated Inter School Sports.
2. To encourage and promote friendly relations among the schools sportsmen.
3. To promote the ethic values in the sportsman.
4. To organize the refresher, orientation and various training programme for physical education.
5. To organize some other activities, other than sports, which are beneficial for the students.

General Rules for the organization of Tournaments and Competitions:

1. The various competition shall be organized at Cluster, Zonal and National level by the Sports Organising Committee.
2. No team is allowed to take part in the tournament without any responsible person authorized by the principal.
3. All the competition at Cluster and Zonal level shall be organized on the knockout basis.
4. Due to some unavoidable reason, if tournament is suspended, the rescheduling of the dates, venue of unfinished competition shall be decided by the Sports Organising Committee.