Describe the physiology of emotion.

Physiology of emotion: The nervous system, central as well as peripheral, plays a vital role in the regulation of emotion.

(i) Thalamus: It is composed of a group of nerve cells and act as a relay centre of sensory nerves. Stimulation of thalamus produces fear, anxiety, and autonomic reactions. A theory of emotion given by Cannon and Bard (1931) emphasises the role of thalamus in mediating and initiating all emotional experiences.

(ii) Hypothalamus: It is considered the primary center for regulation of emotion. It also regulates the homoeostatic balance, controls autonomic activity and secretion of endocrine glands, and organises the somatic pattern of emotional behaviour.

(iii) Limbic System: Along with thalamus and hypothalamus the limbic system plays a vital role in regulation of emotion. Amygdala is a part of limbic system, responsible for emotional control and involves formation of emotional memories.

(iv) Cortex: Cortex is intimately involved in emotions. However, its hemispheres have a contrasting role to play. The left frontal cortex is associated with positive feelings whereas the right frontal cortex with negative feelings.