If M_O is the mass of an oxygen isotope ₈O¹⁷ M_p and M_n are the masses of a proton and a neutron, respectively, the nuclear binding energy of the isotope is

• M_O c²

• ( M_O - 17M_n ) c²

• (M_O - 8M_p ) c²

• ( 8 M_p + 9 M_n - M_O)

Name the electromagnetic radiations used for (a) water purification, and (b) eye surgery

The above is a plot of binding energy per nucleon Eb, against the nuclear mass M; A, B, C, D, E, F correspond to different nuclei. Consider four reactions:

(i) A + B → C + ε  (ii) C → A + B + ε
(iii) D + E → F + ε and (iv) F → D + E +ε

where ε is the energy released? In which reaction is ε positive?

This question contains Statement -1 and Statement-2. Of the four choices given after the statements,
Choose the one that best describes the two statements.
Statement – I: Energy is released when heavy nuclei undergo fission or light nuclei undergo fusion.
and
Statement – II: For heavy nuclei, binding energy per nucleon increases with increasing Z while for light nuclei it decreases with increasing Z.

If M₀ is the mass of an oxygen isotope ₈O¹⁷ , Mp and M_N are the masses of a proton and a neutron respectively, the nuclear binding energy of the isotope is

In gamma-ray emission from a nucleus

When ₃Li⁷ nuclei are bombarded by protons, and the resultant nuclei are ₄Be⁸ , the emitted particles will be