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The Crisis of Democratic Order
How did the methods of voting in free India go on changing from time to time till day ? Explain the reasons also.
Changing method of voting in India
- In the first general election in 1952, there was a box with the name of the candidate and his/her election symbol. Each voter was given a blank ballot paper to be dropped into the box of the candidate of his or her choice.
- After the first two elections this method was changed. Now the ballot paper carried the names and symbols of all the candidates. The voter was required to put the stamp on the name of the candidate of his/her choice. This was to be placed inside a box common for all. This system continued for years.
- Towards the end of 1990’s the Election Commission started using the EVM’s or Electronic Voting Machines. Now this is used all over India.
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Indian democracy was never so close to a two-party system as it was during the 1977 elections. However, the next few years saw a complete change. Soon after its defeat, the Indian National Congress split into two groups ................ The Janata Party also went through major convulsions ........ David Butler, Ashok Lahiri and Prannoy Roy. –Partha Chatterjee
(a) What made the party system in India look like a two-party system in 1977 ?
(b) Many more than two parties existed in 1977. Why then are the authors describing this period as close to a two-party system ?
(c) What caused splits in Congress and the Janata parties ?
‘In the background of the ruling of the ______ Court in the ________ case, an amendment was made declaring that elections of ________,________ and Vice President could not be challenged in the court’.
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