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The Crisis of Democratic Order
Explain any four consequences of emergency declared on 25 June, 1975.
The Consequences were:
(i) According to Shah Commission nearly one lakh eleven thousand people were arrested under Preventive detention laws.
(ii) Torture and custodial deaths occurred, arbitrary relocation of poor people and compulsory sterilization.
(iii) Formation of Janata Party and the defeat of congress in most of the states.
(iv) Democratic functioning were suspended and draconian measures were adopted.
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• Effects on civil liberties for citizens.
• Impact on relationship between the Executive and Judiciary.
• Functioning of Mass Media.
• Working of the Police and Bureaucracy.
Indian democracy was never so close to a two-party system as it was during the 1977 elections. However, the next few years saw a complete change. Soon after its defeat, the Indian National Congress split into two groups ................ The Janata Party also went through major convulsions ........ David Butler, Ashok Lahiri and Prannoy Roy. –Partha Chatterjee
(a) What made the party system in India look like a two-party system in 1977 ?
(b) Many more than two parties existed in 1977. Why then are the authors describing this period as close to a two-party system ?
(c) What caused splits in Congress and the Janata parties ?
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