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The Crisis of Democratic Order
Why is the ‘Emergency’ and the period around it known as the period of Constitutional crisis? Explain.
(i) Conflict between Parliament and the Judiciary on the question ‘can the Parliament abridge the Fundamental Rights’.
(ii) Can the Parliament curtail the right to property? Court responded by stating it cannot amend the Constitution to curtail the rights.
(iii) The Parliament amended the Constitution saying that it can abridge no Fundamental Right for giving effect to Directive Principles, but the Supreme Court also rejected it.
Due to these conflicts, this period is called the period of Constitutional Crisis.
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• Effects on civil liberties for citizens.
• Impact on relationship between the Executive and Judiciary.
• Functioning of Mass Media.
• Working of the Police and Bureaucracy.
Indian democracy was never so close to a two-party system as it was during the 1977 elections. However, the next few years saw a complete change. Soon after its defeat, the Indian National Congress split into two groups ................ The Janata Party also went through major convulsions ........ David Butler, Ashok Lahiri and Prannoy Roy. –Partha Chatterjee
(a) What made the party system in India look like a two-party system in 1977 ?
(b) Many more than two parties existed in 1977. Why then are the authors describing this period as close to a two-party system ?
(c) What caused splits in Congress and the Janata parties ?
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