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The Crisis of Democratic Order
(a)Causes : Students started agitation due to rising prices, food scarcity, unemployment and corruption.
(b)Leadership: Jayaprakash Narayan joined the movement on the condition that the movement will remain non violent and will not limit to Bihar.
(c) Demands : Jayaprakash Narayan demanded the dismissal of Congress government in Bihar and gave a call for total revolution in the social, economic and political spheres in order to establish true democracy.
(d) Activities : (i) A series of bandhs, gheraos and strikes were organised.
(ii) In March, Jayaprakash Narayan led a people’s march to the Parliament.
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Indian democracy was never so close to a two-party system as it was during the 1977 elections. However, the next few years saw a complete change. Soon after its defeat, the Indian National Congress split into two groups ................ The Janata Party also went through major convulsions ........ David Butler, Ashok Lahiri and Prannoy Roy. –Partha Chatterjee
(a) What made the party system in India look like a two-party system in 1977 ?
(b) Many more than two parties existed in 1977. Why then are the authors describing this period as close to a two-party system ?
(c) What caused splits in Congress and the Janata parties ?
‘In the background of the ruling of the ______ Court in the ________ case, an amendment was made declaring that elections of ________,________ and Vice President could not be challenged in the court’.
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