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The Crisis of Democratic Order
(i) Identify the States where Congress lost,
(ii) Congress lost very badly and
(iii) those States where Congress and its allies nearly swept the polls.
(i) Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, UP, Bihar, West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu.
(ii) In Haryana, UP, Bihar, Delhi, Punjab, the Congress could not win even a single seat. In Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh it could win only one seat each.
(iii) In Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Karnataka i.e., the southern States Congress and its allies swept the polls.
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• Effects on civil liberties for citizens.
• Impact on relationship between the Executive and Judiciary.
• Functioning of Mass Media.
• Working of the Police and Bureaucracy.
Indian democracy was never so close to a two-party system as it was during the 1977 elections. However, the next few years saw a complete change. Soon after its defeat, the Indian National Congress split into two groups ................ The Janata Party also went through major convulsions ........ David Butler, Ashok Lahiri and Prannoy Roy. –Partha Chatterjee
(a) What made the party system in India look like a two-party system in 1977 ?
(b) Many more than two parties existed in 1977. Why then are the authors describing this period as close to a two-party system ?
(c) What caused splits in Congress and the Janata parties ?
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