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The Crisis of Democratic Order
The following reasons led to the mid-term elections in 1980 :
(i) The Janata Party government was not cohesive. There was power struggle within the party.
(ii) The Janata Party lacked direction, leadership and a common programme.
(iii) The Janata government could not bring about a fundamental change in policies from those were pursued by the Congress.
(iv)The Janata Party got split and the goverment led by Moraji Desai lost its mojority in less than 18 months and another goverment was formed by Charan Singh with Congress support but later Congress had withdrawn its support.
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• Effects on civil liberties for citizens.
• Impact on relationship between the Executive and Judiciary.
• Functioning of Mass Media.
• Working of the Police and Bureaucracy.
Indian democracy was never so close to a two-party system as it was during the 1977 elections. However, the next few years saw a complete change. Soon after its defeat, the Indian National Congress split into two groups ................ The Janata Party also went through major convulsions ........ David Butler, Ashok Lahiri and Prannoy Roy. –Partha Chatterjee
(a) What made the party system in India look like a two-party system in 1977 ?
(b) Many more than two parties existed in 1977. Why then are the authors describing this period as close to a two-party system ?
(c) What caused splits in Congress and the Janata parties ?
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