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Popular Struggles and Movements
Question
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'Napoleon had destroyed democracy in France but in the administrative field he had incorporated revolutionary principles in order to make the whole system more rational and efficient.' Analyse the statement with arguments.

OR


'The peace negotiations in Geneva followed the division of Vietnam that set in motion a series of events that turned Vietnam into a battle field.' Analyse the statement with arguments. 

Answer

Napoleon had brought an end to the democracy that had been achieved in France after the long-drawn French revolution. His constant attacks on other countries too had earned him the image of an oppressor and an aggressive conqueror. However, his administrative reforms introduced were very effective and well -crafted. Few of these policies are as follows:

  • Established equality before law. 
  • Abolished all privileges based on birth. 
  • Granted the right to property to French citizens. 
  • Simplified administrative divisions. 
  • Abolished feudal system and freed peasants from serfdom.

 

OR
 

The Geneva negotiation on one hand did lead to the division of Vietnam and on the other pushed Vietnam to wards an era of conquests. The French had long attempted to over power the forces of NLF with the help of Bao dai. However, they were defeated. The Vietnamese on the other hand had to accept the division of the country into two halves, Ho Chi Minh taking control of the communist bloc in the North and  Bao   Dai taking control of South. This division , proved to be disastrous for the Vietnam, as it resulted into  a political turmoil bringing about conflict in the region , leading to loss of life and property. The  Bao Dai regime was soon overthrown by a coup led by Ngo Dinh Diem. Diem built a repressive and authoritarian government and did not tolerate any opposition. Diem retained a French law that permitted Christianity but outlawed Buddhism. National Liberation Front (NLF) with the support of Ho chi Minh fought for the unification of country. The US also feared the spread of communism and so got involved in the war. The following war is one of the most criticised war ever fought in history of mankind.

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Some More Questions From Popular Struggles and Movements Chapter

What is the difference between a pressure group and a political party?

Organisations that undertake activities to promote the interests of specific social sections such as workers, employees, teachers, and lawyers are called ___________ groups.

Which among the following is the special feature that distinguishes a pressure group from a political party?

 List-I                                                List-II                          
1. Organisations that seek to promote the interests of a particular  section or group. A. Movement
2. Organisations that seek to promote common interest. B. Political parties
3. Struggles launched for the resolution of a social problem with or without an organisational structure C. Sectional interest groups
4. Organisations that mobilise people with a view to win political power. D. Public interest groups

 

1

2

3

4

(a)

C

D

B

A

(b)

C

D

A

B

(c)

D

C

B

A

(d)

B

C

D

A

Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists:

List-1

List-ll

1. Pressure group

A. Narmada Bachao Andolan

2. Long-term movement

B. Asom Gana Parishad

3. Single issue movement

C. Women’s movement

4. Political party

D. Fertilizer dealers’ association

 

 

1

2

3

4

(a)

D

C

A

B

(b)

B

A

D

C

(c)

C

D

B

A

(d)

B

D

C

A

Consider the following statements about pressure groups and parties.
A. Pressure groups are organized expression of the interests and views of specific social sections.
B. Pressure groups take positions on political issues.
C. All pressure groups are political parties.
Which of the statements given above are correct?

 

Mewat is one of the most backward areas in Haryana. It used to be a part of district Gurgaon and Faridabad. The people of Mewat felt that the area will get better attention if it were to become a separate district. But political parties were indifferent to this sentiment. The demand for a separate district was raised by Mewat Educational and Social Organisation and Mewat Saksharta Samiti in 1996. Later Mewat Vikas Sabha was founded in 2000 and carried out a series of public awareness campaigns. This forced both the major parties, Congress and the Indian National Lok Dal to announe their support for the new district before the assembly elections held in February, 2005. The new district came into existence in July, 2005.
In this example what is the relationship that you observe among movement, political parties and the government? Can you think of an example that shows a relationship different from this one?

Nepal witnessed an extraordinary popular movement in April 2006. The movement was aimed _________.

SPA was a __________.

Identify the element which is NOT shared both by the movement in Nepal and the struggle in Bolivia.