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The Age of Industrialisation
Select any one industry in your region and find out its history. How has the technology changed? Where do the workers come from? How are the products advertised and marketed? Try and talk to the employers and some workers to get their views about the industry's history.
Cotton textile in Ahmedabad, Gujarat :
(i)Cotton textiles are among the oldest industries of Ahmedabad, Gujarat. One can trace it back to the day of Indus Civilisation when cotton fabrics from Lothal (port) were send to different parts of Asia.
(ii)Initially, old technology was followed by the weavers. The spinning wheel constituted its sole machine. Ladies of the village used to spin the cotton. During the British period, technology changed and several cotton textile mills were set-up in different parts of the country. Powerloom was used in place of handloom. Factories were opened for twenty-four hours. Several types of machines were used. Machines of advanced technologies invented in England and other countries in Europe were also installed.
(iii)The workers for cotton textile mills used to come from rural areas of Gujarat and Maharashtra. Some of them used to come daily by cycles and most of them settled nearby the factory. Slums developed and they created several types of problems for the city dwellers.
(iv)The industry provided living to farmers, cotton ball pluckers and workers engaged in ginning, spinning, weaving, dyeing, designing, packaging, sewing and tailoring.The products were advertised by the agents of mills under the British East India Company and local merchants and traders. The European traders used to buy fine quality of cotton textile from Ahmedabad and that was taken to Surat.
(v)We have talked with employers and some workers of the cotton textile. Employers said that they used to face tough competition with the British cotton textile before the independence but after India's independence, they could receive certain incentives. The globalisation since 1990s have however, opened the way for “Wealth is Right” in the form of MNCs.
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