How do industries pollute the environment?

Industries have increased pollution and degraded environment. Industries create four types of pollution as mentioned below:

(i) Water Pollution: Water pollution is caused by organic and inorganic industrial wastes and affluents discharged into rivers. The main culprits in this regard are paper, pulp, chemical, textile and dyeing, petroleum refineries, tanneries and electroplating industries that let out dyes, detergents, acids, salts and heavy metals like lead and mercury pesticides, fertilisers, synthetic chemicals with carbon, plastics and rubber, etc. into the water bodies.

(ii) Air Pollution: The smoke emitted by the industries pollute air and water badly. The smoke is emitted by chemical and paper factories, brick kilns, refineries and smelting plants. The burning of fossil fuels in big and small factories is a great cause of air pollution.

(iii) Noise Pollution: Industrial and construction activities, machinery, factory equipment, generators, saws and pneumatic and electric drills makes a lot of noise.

(iv) Thermal Pollution: Thermal pollution of water occurs when hot water from factories and thermal plants is drained into rivers and ponds before cooling.