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The Rise of Nationalism in Europe
'Artists in the 18th and 19th centuries found a way out by personifying a nation'`. Explain with examples.
Artists had started representing a country as if were a person. Nations were protrayed as female figures. The female forms that were chosen to personify the nation did not stand for any particular women in real life; rather it sought to give the abstract idea of the nation a concreate form. Infact, female figure became an allegory of the nation.
For example in France she was christened Marianne, which underlined the idea of a people's nation. Her characteristics were drawn from those of liberty and the Republic.
Similarly Germania became the allegory of German nation, a female figure wearing a crown of oak leaves, as the German oak stands for heroism.
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What steps did the French revolutionaries take to create a sense of collective identity among the French people?
Who were Marianne and Germania? What was the importance of the way in which they were portrayed?
Briefly trace the process of German unification.
What changes did Napoleon introduce to make the administrative system more efficient in the territories ruled by him?
Explain what is meant by the 1848 revolution of the liberals. What were the political, social and economic ideas supported by the liberals?
Choose three examples to show the contribution of culture to the growth of nationalism in Europe.
Through a focus on any two countries, explain how nations developed over the nineteenth century.
How was the history of nationalism in Britain unlike the rest of Europe?
Why did nationalist tension emerge in the Balkans?
When were Napoleonic Code introduced?
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