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The Rise of Nationalism in Europe
What steps did the French revolutionaries take to create a sense of collective identity among the French people?
From the very beginning, the French revolutionaries introduced various measures and practices that could create a sense of collective identity amongst the French people. They were:
(i)The ideas of la patrie (the fatherland) and le citoyen (the citizen) emphasised the notion of a united community enjoying equal rights under a constitution.
(ii) A new French flag ,Tricolour flag was chosen to replace the the former royal standard.
(iii) The Estates General was renamed as National Assembly.
(iv) New hymns were composed, oaths taken and martyrs commemorated, all in the name of nation.
(v) French was made a common language of the nation.
(vi) Uniform laws for all citizens within its territory were formulated.
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Write notes on:
Count Camillo de Cavour
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The Greek War of Independence
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Frankfurt Parliament
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The role of women in nationalist struggles.
What steps did the French revolutionaries take to create a sense of collective identity among the French people?
Who were Marianne and Germania? What was the importance of the way in which they were portrayed?
Briefly trace the process of German unification.
What changes did Napoleon introduce to make the administrative system more efficient in the territories ruled by him?
Explain what is meant by the 1848 revolution of the liberals. What were the political, social and economic ideas supported by the liberals?
Choose three examples to show the contribution of culture to the growth of nationalism in Europe.
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