Which one of the following is a significant effort made in recent years in our country to reform political parties and its leaders?

• Increase in the salary and allowances of parliamentarians
• Implementation of anti-defection rule
• Prevention of criminalisation in politics
• Sharp decrease in the use of money and muscle power

What are the various challenges faced by political parties?

Suggest some reforms to strengthen parties so that they perform their functions well?

What is the guiding philosophy of the Bharatiya Janta Party?

Match List-I (organisations and struggles) with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists:

Consider the following statements on parties:
A. Political parties do not enjoy much trust among the people.
B. Parties are often rocked by scandals involving top party leaders.
C. Parties are not necessary to run governments.
Which of the statements given above are correct ?

Partisan means