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Peasants and Farmers
Question
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Examine the scenario of Indian agriculture in the colonial period.

Answer

The scenario of Indian agriculture in the colonial period is examined below:
(i) Indian economy transformed into a colonial economy. The peasants were harassed to pay more and more revenue because the English company needed more money to carry on trade.

(ii) As a result of overcrowding of agriculture, there were excessive land revenue demands and growth of the landlordism. It led to the increase in debts and the impoverishment of cultivators. Indian agriculture started stagnating.

(iii) During 1900 to 1940, agricultural production decreased by 14 percent. The colonial bidders were granted land and the cultivators were left at their mercy.

(iv) In European countries, the big landlords often invested capital to increase the production. But in India, the absentee landlords both old and new did not like to invest a single penny in farming. Moreover, forced to cultivate a few international crops like opium but farmers resisted owing to various reasons.

(v) However, government could have helped in improving and modernising the agriculture. But it did not take any interest and refused to recognise any such responsibility.

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