List any four methods of contraception used by humans. How does their use have a direct effect on the health and prosperity of a family?

The following are the four methods of contraception used by humans:

(i) Natural method in which sexual act is avoided from day 10th to day 17th of the menstrual cycle.

(ii) Barrier method in which condoms are used as protection.

(iii) Oral contraceptives like tablets or drugs that prevent the release of eggs, thus preventing fertilisation.

(iv) Implants and surgical methods: Contraceptive devices such as the loop or copper-T are placed in the uterus to prevent pregnancy. Some surgical methods like vasectomy and tubectomy.

Effects of contraception on the health and prosperity of a family:

(i) It helps in preventing unwanted pregnancies.

(ii) It prevents the chances of frequent pregnancies, which otherwise affect the health of females.

(iii) It helps in family planning by controlling the number of children in a family, thus reducing the chances of poverty.

(iv) It also reduces the chances of transmission of sexually transmitted diseases such as AIDS.

In this way, birth control methods play an important role in the health and prosperity of a family.