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Control and Coordination
Non-metals react with oxygen in the air to produce non-metal oxides. Here are two examples for the non-metals carbon and sulphur.
Non-metallic oxides in water forms acidic solution. For example, carbon dioxide in water forms carbonic acid. We can prove it because aqueous solution of carbon dioxide turns blue litmus red. Further aqueous solution of carbon dioxide is neutralized by a base, calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2], to form salt and water.
CO2 + Ca(OH)2 + H2O → CaCO3 + 2H2O
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You are given the following solutions:
Hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulphuric acid (H2SO4), nitric acid (HNO3), acetic acid (CH3COOH), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), calcium hydroxide [(Ca(OH)2], potassium hydroxide (KOH), magnesium hydroxide [Mg(OH)2] and ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH). Give the colour change for each of these solutions with red litmus, blue litmus, phenolphthalein and methyl orange solutions.
Choose the olfactory indicators and give their characteristics: red cabbage extract, onion, vanilla extract, litmus, clove oil.
Take 5 ml hydrochloric acid in a boiling tube or a conical flask. Add a few pieces of zinc granules to it.
(a) What do you observe on the surface of zinc granules?
(b) Name the gas evolved.
(c) What happens when the above gas is passed through soap solution?
(d) What happens when a burning candle is brought near the gas filled tube?
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