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The Fundamental Unit of Life
Question
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Describe the essential features of the experiment that led to the discovery of isotopes.

Answer

The basic principles of mass spectrometer led to the discovery of isotopes. Ionized atoms of different masses are bent to different extent by the application of electric and magnetic field. From the extent of deflection and shapes of arcs photographed it is possible to determine the value of charge/mass ratio. Since the charge of the ionized atoms can be determined by techniques of electrolysis, the masses of the atoms can be determined. Thus elements with different masses can be detected and identified. It was realized that ionized atoms of many elements did not give the same mass. But the chemical properties of these atoms were identical. Such atoms were called isotopes.
 

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Some More Questions From The Fundamental Unit of Life Chapter

If Z = 3, what would be the valency of the element? Also, name the element.

Composition of the nuclei of two atomic species X and Y are given as under


                              X        Y
Protons  =                6        6
Neutrons=                6        6

Give the mass numbers of X and Y. What is the relation between the two species?

For the following statements, write T for True and F for False.

(a) J.J. Thomson proposed that the nucleus of an atom contains only nucleons.

(b) A neutron is formed by an electron and a proton combining together. Therefore, it is neutral.

(c) The mass of an electron is about 1/2000 times that of proton.

(d) An isotope of iodine is used for making tincture iodine, which is used as a medicine.

Rutherford’s α-particle scattering experiment was responsible for the discovery of

Isotope of an element has

Number of valence electrons in Cl- ion are

Which one of the following is a correct ? Electronic configuration of sodium

(a) 2, 8,2 (b) 8, 2, 1 (c) 2, 1, 8 (d) 2, 8, 1.

Complete the following Table:


Atomic number

Mass number

Number of neutrons

Number of protons

Number of electrons

Name of the atomic species

9

-

10

-

-

-

16

32

-

-

-

Sulphur

-

24

-

12

-

-

-

2

-

1

-

-

-

1

-

1

0

-

How do you establish that matter is electrical in nature?