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Is Matter Around Us Pure
Question
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You are given a mixture of sand, water and mustard oil. How will you separate the components of the mixture.

Answer

Take the mixture of sand, water and mustard oil. Let the solution to stand undisturbed for about half an hour. The heavy sand particles settle down at the bottom of the container. Now transfer the liquid to another beaker in such a way that the sand remains in the first beaker.

Take the remaining mixture of mustard oil and water in a separating funnel. Let the funnel to stand undisturbed for half an hour. Water and mustard oil forms two distinct layers. Oil being lighter forms upper layer while the water forms lower layer. Open the tap of the separating funnel and let the lower layer to collect down in the beaker. Close the tap when lower water layer is completely separated. Take out the oil layer in another beaker. Thus the components of mixture are separated.

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Pragya tested the solubility of three different substances at different temperatures and collected the data as given below (results are given in the following table, as grams of substance dissolved in 100 grams of water to form a saturated solution).

Substance Dissolved

Temperature in K

283

293

313

333

353

Potassium nitrate

21

32

62

106

107

Sodium chloride

36

36

36

37

37

Potassium chloride

35

35

40

46

54

Ammonium chloride

24

37

41

55

66


What mass of potassium nitrate would be needed to produce a saturated solution of potassium nitrate in 50 grams of water at 313 K?

Pragya makes a saturated solution of potassium chloride in water at 353 K and leaves the solution to cool at room temperature. What would she observe as the solution cools? Explain.

Substance Dissolved

Temperature in K

283

293

313

333

353

Potassium nitrate

21

32

62

106

107

Sodium chloride

36

36

36

37

37

Potassium chloride

35

35

40

46

54

Ammonium chloride

24

37

41

55

66