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Real Numbers
Use Euclid’s division lemma to show that the square of any positive integer is either of the form 3m or 3m + 1 for some integer m.
Let a be any positive integer. Let q be the quotient and r be remainder. Then a = bq + r where q and r are also positive integers and 0 ≤ r < b
Taking b = 3, we get
a = 3q + r; where 0 ≤ r < 3
When, r = 0 = ⇒ a = 3q
When, r = 1 = ⇒ a = 3q + 1
When, r = 2 = ⇒ a = 3q + 2
Now, we have to show that the squares of positive integers 3q, 3q + 1 and 3q + 2 can be expressed as 3m or 3m + 1 for some integer m.
⇒ Squares of 3q = (3q)2
= 9q2 = 3(3q)2 = 3 m where m is some integer.
Square of 3q + 1 = (3q + 1)2
= 9q2 + 6q + 1 = 3(3q2 + 2 q) + 1
= 3m +1, where m is some integer
Square of 3q + 2 = (3q + 2)2
= (3q + 2)2
= 9q2 + 12q + 4
= 9q2 + 12q + 3 + 1
= 3(3q2 + 4q + 1)+ 1
= 3m + 1 for some integer m.
∴ The square of any positive integer is either of the form 3m or 3m + 1 for some integer m.
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An army contingent of 616 members is to march behind an army band of 32 members in a parade. The two groups are to march in the same number of columns. What is the maximum number of columns in which they can march?
Use Euclid’s division lemma to show that the square of any positive integer is either of the form 3m or 3m + 1 for some integer m.
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